Reframing the climate policy game

Abstract

A key aim of climate policy is to progressively substitute renewables and energy efficiency for fossil fuel use. The associated rapid depreciation and replacement of fossil fuel-related physical and natural capital may entail a profound reorganisation of industry value chains, international trade, and geopolitics. Here, we present evidence confirming that the transformation of energy systems is well under way, and we explore the economic and strategic implications of the emerging energy geography. We show specifically that, given the economic implications of the ongoing energy transformation, the framing of climate policy as a prisoner’s dilemma is a poor description of strategic incentives. Instead, a new climate policy game emerges in which fossil fuel importers are better off decarbonising, competitive fossil fuel exporters are better off flooding markets, and uncompetitive fossil fuel producers – rather than benefitting from ‘free-riding’ – suffer from their exposure to stranded assets and lack of investment in decarbonisation technologies.

Recent advancements in 3D porous graphene-based electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage applications

“…The fast depletion of fossil fuels and non-renewable resources has raised negative environmental impacts, leading to the search for eco-friendly and sustainable energy resources [1]. Due to the increasing development of electronic devices, including laptops, mobile phones, smart gadgets, and electric vehicles, there has been a large amount of research interest in designing the energy storage devices with high energy density, a fast-charging rate, and good cycling stability in the past few years [2,3].…”