Refugee children from the Middle East

Montgomery, Edith

doi:10.1080/14034949850153329

Cited by 57 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Studies of childrenÕs psychological reactions to war, other organized violence and being a refugee, became more frequent during the 1980s, and greater attention was paid to the importance of multiple traumatic experiences in children who had been exposed to armed conflicts (36). Table 4 provides an overview of systematic studies of the prevalence of psychological problems in populations of young refugees from the mid-1980s until today (2009).…”

Section: Mental Health In Young Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On this background, the study Refugee children from the Middle East was conducted through 1991-1992 (36). With the purpose of clarifying the extent of, and the predictors for, psychological problems among children, parents of 311 3-15-year-old children from the Middle East were interviewed about their childrenÕs background, life situation in their home country and experiences of war and other organized violence, including the parentsÕ experiences of imprisonment and torture (65), their present family situation and their childrenÕs current psychological condition.…”

Section: Mental Health In Young Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baseline study. At arrival in Denmark, the mental health of the children was assessed through a questionnaire developed for the study Refugee children from the Middle East (36). Specific emotional symptoms and behavioural problems of the child were allocated to one out three occurrence levels, 0: ÔrareÕ, 1: Ôsomewhat or sometimesÕ or 2: Ôfrequent or intenseÕ.…”

Section: Mental Health In Young Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of these young refugees were members of the study population itself. Mental health was assessed using part of the Achenbach system of Empirically Based Data from reference (9,10,36).…”

Section: Study Populations and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees

Montgomery¹

2011

Acta Psychiatr Scand

173

104

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Montgomery E. Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees.Objective: To review evidence of trauma and exile‐related mental health in young refugees from the Middle East.Method: A review of four empirical studies: i) a qualitative study of 11 children from torture surviving families, ii) a cohort study of 311 3–15‐year‐old asylum‐seeking children, iii) a qualitative study of 14 members of torture surviving families and iv) a follow‐up study of 131 11–23‐year‐old refugees.Results: The reactions of the children were not necessarily post‐traumatic stress disorder specific. Seventy‐seven per cent suffered from anxiety, sleep disturbance and/or depressed mood at arrival. Sleep disturbance (prevalence 34%) was primarily predicted by a family history of violence. At follow‐up, 25.9% suffered from clinically relevant psychological symptoms. Traumatic experiences before arrival and stressful events in exile predicted internalizing behaviour, witnessing violence and frequent school changes in exile predicted externalizing behaviour. School participation, Danish friends, language proficiency and mother’s education predicted less long‐term psychological problems.Conclusion: Psychological problems are frequent in refugee children, but the extents are reduced over time in exile. Traumatic experience before arrival is most important for the short‐term reaction of the children while aspects of life in exile are important for the children’s ability to recover from early traumatization.

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Section: Mental Health In Young Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mental Health In Young Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mental Health In Young Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of these young refugees were members of the study population itself. Mental health was assessed using part of the Achenbach system of Empirically Based Data from reference (9,10,36).…”

Section: Study Populations and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees

Montgomery¹

2011

Acta Psychiatr Scand

173

104

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“…Djeca izbjeglice su ranjivija i podložnija traumi, no dugoročne posljedice traume ovise o djetetu, njegovoj obitelji i okruženju u kojem se nalazi (Montgomery, 1998.). Prethodno istaknuti rizici za socijalnu isključenost, koji su pomiješani s bolnim iskustvima, zahtijevaju stručnu socijalnu podršku i kontinuirani rad s djecom (Brough i sur., 2003.; Arambašić, 2008.).…”

Section: Primjena Savjetovanja U Radu S Djecom Izbjeglicamaunclassified

Važnost Savjetovališnog Rada S Djecom Izbjeglicama

Pezerović

Babić

2016

ASW

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SAŽETAKDjeca su najosjetljivija populacija pogođena ratom, te uslijed svih posljedica koje rat i izbjeglištvo donose, prijeko im je potreban savjetovališni rad. Savjetovatelji koji provode savjetovališni rad uzimaju u obzir sve kulturološke kontekste i pronalaze individualni pristup u radu s pojedinim djetetom. Karakteristike i kompetencije stručnjaka u radu s djecom ključne su zbog kompleksnosti procesa savjetovališnog rada i težine života u izbjeglištvu. Primjena savjetovališnog rada važna je i za budućnost djeteta budući da intenzivna iskustva izbjeglištva ograničavaju prostor koji djeca imaju za razvijanje budućnosti i otežavaju njihovo zdravo funkcioniranje i razvoj u sadašnjosti. Potreba za stručnjaci-ma zadnjih godina se povećava što je primijećeno i od strane važnih svjetskih aktera koji u sve aktivnosti koje provode nastoje uključiti što veći broj psihosocijalnih intervencija. Savjetovanje kao jedna od metoda u radu s djecom izbjeglicama i njihovim obiteljima jedan je od prvih koraka u procesu sveobuhvatne inkluzije djeteta u društvo i jačanja kapaciteta za život u novoj okolini.

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Reported Methods, Distributions, and Frequencies of Torture Globally

Milewski,

Weinstein,

Lurie

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceDespite its prohibition by the United Nations Convention against Torture and other international treaties, torture has been perpetrated against countless individuals worldwide, and health care practitioners globally are increasingly encountering refugee torture survivors in their clinical practices. The methods, geographic distribution, and frequency of torture globally are not well described, which limits health care practitioners’ ability to adequately diagnose and treat the sequelae of torture.ObjectiveTo rank the commonness of torture methods and identify the regions of the world with which they are associated.Data SourcesFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 2021.Study SelectionIncluded studies were peer-reviewed articles in English, contained an independent sample population of individuals who experienced torture, and outlined the type(s) of torture experienced. Excluded studies were not peer reviewed, lacked an independent sample population, or did not specify torture methods. Articles were chosen for inclusion by 2 independent and blinded reviewers, and a third, independent reviewer resolved discrepancies. Overall, 266 articles—15.3% of the 1739 studies initially identified for full review—met the inclusion criteria.Data Extraction and SynthesisData abstraction and quality assessment followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data were extracted by 2 independent and blinded reviewers into predefined templates, and a third, independent reviewer resolved discrepancies. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Downs and Black Checklist.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTorture methods were ranked by their average frequencies, numbers of reporting studies, and numbers of countries wherein the methods occurred.ResultsA total of 9937 titles and abstracts were screened, and 266 studies encompassing 103 604 individuals (13 350 men, 5610 women, and 84 644 unspecified) were analyzed. Torture was reported for 105 countries; 21 methods accounted for 84% of all reported methods and 10 methods accounted for 78% of all physical tortures. The top 3 methods were beating or blunt-force trauma (reported in 208 studies and 59 countries; average frequency, 62.4%; 95% CI, 57.7%-67.1%), electrical torture (reported in 114 studies and 28 countries; average frequency, 17.2%; 95% CI, 15.0%-19.4%), and starvation or dehydration (reported in 65 studies in 26 countries; average frequency, 12.7%; 95% CI, 10.2%-15.2%). According to the Downs and Black appraisal tool, 50 studies were rated as good or excellent and 216 as fair or poor.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that torture remains widespread. Although innumerable torture methods exist, a limited number account for the vast majority of reported tortures. So that targeted therapies may be developed, additional investigation is needed to better elucidate the sequelae associated with the most common torture methods, described here.

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Refugee children from the Middle East

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees

Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees

Važnost Savjetovališnog Rada S Djecom Izbjeglicama

Reported Methods, Distributions, and Frequencies of Torture Globally

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