Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

Crush, Jonathan; Tawodzera, Godfrey; McCordic, Cameron; Ramachandran, Sujata

doi:10.2307/j.ctvh8r07x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Whilst some refugees opt to start small businesses due to limited economic opportunities and prospects through traditional employment paths (Crush et al . 2017b), others – often those who have been self‐employed in the past – choose to establish their own businesses in receiving countries (Wauters and Lambrecht 2006). Regardless of the reasons for starting their own businesses, refugee entrepreneurship is often a necessity rather than an opportunity‐driven choice (Bizri 2017).…”

Section: Organizational‐level Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling theCanvas Ceiling: A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration

Lee

Szkudlarek

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Int J Management Reviews

117

126

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Increasing levels of displacement and the need to integrate refugees in the workforce pose new challenges to organizations and societies. Extant research on refugee employment and workforce integration currently resides across various disconnected disciplines, posing a significant challenge for management scholars to contribute to timely and relevant solutions. In this paper, we endeavour to address this challenge by reviewing and synthesizing multidisciplinary literature on refugee employment and workforce integration. Using a relational framework, we organize our findings around three levels of analysis -institutional, organizational and individual -to outline the complexity of factors affecting refugees' employment outcomes. Based on our analysis, we introduce and elaborate on the phenomenon of the canvas ceiling -a systemic, multilevel barrier to refugee workforce integration and professional advancement. The primary contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we map and integrate the multidisciplinary findings on the challenges of refugee workforce integration. Second, we provide management scholarship with a future research agenda to address the knowledge gap identified in this review and advance practical developments in this domain.

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Section: Organizational‐level Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling theCanvas Ceiling: A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration

Lee

Szkudlarek

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Int J Management Reviews

117

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are but a few researchers who have deepened their analyses of refugee entrepreneurs by examining their data from more than one angle. Namely, these are Basok [89,137] (from within Costa Rica), Crush and colleagues [103,108,109,138,139] (from within South Africa), Gold [32,[66][67][68][69][70] (mainly from within the USA), Kachkar [83,84] (across the "Global South") and Wauters and Lambrecht [25,71,72] (from experiences in Belgium). Furthermore, as refugees' propensity for entrepreneurship can already be evidenced [37,38], multilevel studies on the particularities of their impact would be useful for informing future policies and social schemes.…”

Section: Concluding Insights and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, reports and conference proceedings were not considered, as the endeavor was to examine the development of refugee entrepreneurship as an academic field of research, rather than its development as a political, social, or special topic, or contend it as a trend. Nevertheless, we must acknowledge the sheer volume and quality of published reports that are also building an important body of knowledge (e.g., [38,81,108,138,139,[146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153], along with the growing number of conference proceedings (e.g., through the Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, International Council for Small Business Conference [www.icsb.org], and the Research and Entrepreneurship and Small Business Conference [www.rent-research.org]), and specialized conferences, such as the International Conference on Migration and Diaspora Entrepreneurship (www.mde-conference.com), hosted by Bremen University and the Refugee Entrepreneurship Summit, led by the Centre for Entrepreneurs (www.centreforentrepreneurs.org). Such vitality is very encouraging and highlights how refugee entrepreneurship is increasingly legitimizing.…”

Section: Concluding Insights and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Center to Periphery and Back Again: A Systematic Literature Review of Refugee Entrepreneurship

Heilbrunn¹,

Iannone

2020

Sustainability

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This paper presents a qualitative, systematic literature review of refugee entrepreneurship research that has been published in academic outlets, up to 2018. We synthesize the contributions to the field, providing a state of the art, so as to elucidate our current understandings of the phenomenon and highlight gaps that will help enhance our future approaches and knowledge. The empirical analysis reveals a fast emerging, eclectic field, with research from a wide range of disciplines, produced by the ‘academic center’, largely in the ‘academic periphery’. Publication numbers have been on the rise, especially in the last ten years, yet, there is very little mutual acknowledgement and discussions arising between researchers, as revealed by a bibliometric analysis. A content analysis shows three main waves of publications based on countries of origin, countries of residence, and migration timeframes. The vast majority of publications take on an exploratory approach to research, with diverse theoretical framings from an array of disciplines, and the thematic clusters reveal how researchers are attempting to tease out the distinctiveness of refugee entrepreneurs from other, closely related entrepreneurship groups.

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“…As integration into the formal labour market is not accessible to most migrants and refugees, most immigrants from the African continent resort to self‐employment and eke out a living mostly as street vendors selling vegetables and fruits, or as employees in hair salons, clothing and shoes stores owned by other African migrants (Crush et al . 2017).…”

Section: The South African Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

First‐Generation Refugees’ Rejection of Racial Self‐Identification in South Africa: Constructing Non‐Racial Identifications

Tewolde

2020

Studies Ethnicity & National

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Although racial classification in South Africa has been extensively studied by scholars, little is known about the extent to which post-apartheid refugees or immigrants reject the South African racial classification system. In particular, there is scant research on Eritrean refugees' self-identification patterns within the racially structured South African host society. The current study addresses this lacuna by exploring how first-generation Eritrean refugees and asylum seekers, who originate from an ethno-linguistically structured social system, self-identify. Semi-structured interviews with 46 participants were conducted. Largely, those who lived in isolated Eritrean ethnic communities rejected identifying by race and instead self-classified by identities they were familiar with in their home country. The results reported here form only part of a larger study that identified various themes. Four themes were identified in relation to this paper's specific research question: (1) identifying as human; (2) identifying as Eritrean; (3) identifying as Habesha; and (4) identifying as Tigrinya. The paper argues that non-acculturated and residentially and ethnically isolated individual refugees in South Africa eschew South Africa's racial classification system. The resistance to racialization by new refugees might hold potential for transforming the country's entrenched racial classification system based on Black, White, Coloured, and Indian categories as the social demographics of South Africa change in response to immigration. * Amanuel Isak Tewolde is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Centre for Social Development in Africa at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. His research interests include race, ethnicity, migration, welfare, and social development.

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Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Unveiling theCanvas Ceiling: A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration

Unveiling theCanvas Ceiling: A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration

From Center to Periphery and Back Again: A Systematic Literature Review of Refugee Entrepreneurship

First‐Generation Refugees’ Rejection of Racial Self‐Identification in South Africa: Constructing Non‐Racial Identifications

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