Refugees Life in Malaysia: A Review Paper

Crendy, T Y T; Luqman, Suaib; Farah, U S; Eunice, D

doi:10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1013

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Without the right to work, marginalised non-citizens are forced to participate in low-wage, unsafe, and insecure jobs in the informal sector which puts them at risk of exploitation by employers [38][39][40][41]. Not only are many non-citizen families unable to afford schooling expenses, but children also face financial pressures to enter the informal workforce prematurely [42][43][44]. Moreover, schooling is sometimes discouraged as education does not improve employment prospects in this context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators to education access for marginalised non-citizen children in Malaysia: A qualitative study

et al. 2023

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In Malaysia, marginalised non-citizen children are excluded from formal education at public schools. Recognising education as a fundamental human right, the barriers and facilitators to educational access among refugee and asylum-seeker, migrant, stateless and undocumented children in Malaysia were explored. Qualitative data were collected via 32 in-depth interviews with multiple stakeholders. Data were thematically analysed and organised at three socio-ecological levels. At the ‘legislative and policy’ level, the requirement of citizenship documents only allows some stateless children to access public schools. Yet, many informal learning centres are not state-endorsed, as they are unable to fulfil licensing criteria. Importantly, denying the right to work for adult refugees and other undocumented people demotivates the pursuit of education among children. At the ‘individual and family’ level, financial constraints constitute a major reason for school dropouts, especially through expectations on boys to work. Cultural norms partly contribute to the lower enrolment of Rohingya refugee girls in secondary education, but gender parity is maintained for most in primary education. Another factor is proximity to learning centres, which links to safety concerns and transportation costs. Those who accessed public schools reported bullying by local children, which parallels institutional discrimination against marginalised non-citizens. At the ‘community and educational institutions’ level, inadequate funding for learning centres limits their ability to invest in physical facilities, teachers’ salaries and others. Despite difficult operating conditions, learning centres address diverse school readiness, educational backgrounds, and language competencies among students by having sensitised teachers, placement tests and preparatory classes at school entry, and options for vocational training. We propose the gradual inclusion of all children in public schools and the immediate state recognition and support of learning centres. Correspondingly, realising the ‘Right to Work’ for refugees and stateless peoples will be synergistic in advancing universal education access for all children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators to education access for marginalised non-citizen children in Malaysia: A qualitative study

et al. 2023

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Supporting social inclusion of refugees: a funds of knowledge approach

Ivy,

Peter

2024

Educational Review

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Proposing an Effective Waqf Model for Ensuring Poverty Reduction among Refugees in Malaysia

Salaudeen

2024

F1000Res

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Background COVID-19 has heavily impacted the financial and economic well-being of the world’s population. Various national relief programs and initiatives have been carried out to address society’s financial difficulties, especially the issue of poverty among the vulnerable, like refugees and immigrants. Consequently, being one of the main elements in Islamic social finance, waqf has been emphasised and proven throughout Islamic history as one of the practical tools for poverty reduction. However, recent waqf initiatives towards poverty reduction focused more on aiding the micro and small entrepreneurs, whilst limited waqf initiatives were available to help low-income households, refugees, and immigrants during this critical time in Malaysia. Methods This study introduces a novel waqf model, specifically designed to contribute to poverty reduction in society. It is tailored for low-income households, refugees, and immigrants, aiming to sustain their financial independence. By combining the elements of waqf and crowdfunding, this model proposes an innovative agriculture-based microfinance programme. It utilizes undeveloped waqf lands and equity-based crowdfunding to reach its objective of poverty reduction. This study has adopted a secondary research approach using the existing scholarly literature. Results This paper also discusses the potential of the proposed model to deliver more than its primary objective, as the framework illustrates that waqf institutions will have a continuous inflow of funds that will allow them to initiate other waqf-based projects, job creation through the microfinance programmes, and financial return for the investor of equity-based crowdfunding projects. Conclusion This study not only underscores the sustainability of the proposed model, but also its alignment with the increasing awareness of value-based and social impact objectives. It further explores the potential of waqf to be integrated with other financing instruments during the pandemic to help the vulnerable, specifically refugees and immigrants. This research thus contributes to the true purpose of Islamic social finance, highlighting the significance of its findings.

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Refugees Life in Malaysia: A Review Paper

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Barriers and facilitators to education access for marginalised non-citizen children in Malaysia: A qualitative study

Barriers and facilitators to education access for marginalised non-citizen children in Malaysia: A qualitative study

Supporting social inclusion of refugees: a funds of knowledge approach

Proposing an Effective Waqf Model for Ensuring Poverty Reduction among Refugees in Malaysia

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