Regeneration and Establishment Strategies of Emergent Macrophytes

Shipley, Bill; Keddy, Paul A.; Moore, Dwayne R. J.; Lemky, Kim

doi:10.2307/2260825

Cited by 160 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, previous published analyses of species from the British flora (Grime et al 1987;, Canadian emergent zone macrophyte communities (Shipley et al 1989), and Australian semiarid woodlands (Leishman and Westoby 1992) found poor associations between established phase traits and those of the regenerative phase. Each of these studies included measures of adult longevity and seed dormancy.…”

Section: D)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Delayed Germination of Seeds: A Look at the Effects of Adult Longevity, the Timing of Reproduction, and Population Age/Stage Structure

Rees

1994

The American Naturalist

200

150

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Abstr.~lc,t.-The effects of adult longevity, the timing of reproduction. and population ageistage structure on the evolution of seed dormancy are explored in both constant and variable environment modcls. In the constant environment modcls complete germination is the cvolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) regardless of adult longevity. Incorporating a cost of reproduction on subsequent survival does not alter this result. In contrast, in a variable environment changes in adult longevity can exert a strong selection pressure against seed dormancy. Incorporating a cost of reproduction for iteroparous species reduces adult longevity, which selects for more seed dormancy. The magnitude of the change in ESS germination probability depends on several factors, including which life-history stage is variable (e.g., fecundity, seedling survival), whether seeds can detect favorable sites for establishment, and the ageistage structure of the population. In general, increases in adult longevity select against seed dormancy, but exceptions to this pattern are discussed. The idea that established plant traits arc uncoupled from those of the regenerative phase, as assumed by J. P. Grime's competition-stress-rude131 model, is considered critically.

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Section: D)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Delayed Germination of Seeds: A Look at the Effects of Adult Longevity, the Timing of Reproduction, and Population Age/Stage Structure

Rees

1994

The American Naturalist

200

150

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“…The SLM is known to be correlated with relative growth rate under some environmental conditions (Poorter & Remkes, 1990) ; with leaf gas exchange (Mooney et al, 1978 ;Field & Mooney, 1983 ;Ellsworth & Reich, 1992) ; with seedling regeneration (Shipley et al, 1989 ;Maranon & Grubb, 1993) ; and with leaf palatability (Lucas & Pereira, 1990 ;Choong et al, 1992). Thus, SLM is implicated in ecological processes (growth and survival) that are key to evolutionary fitness.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf structure and specific leaf mass: the alpine desert plants of the Eastern Pamirs, Tadjikistan

P’yankov¹,

Kondratchuk²,

Shipley³

1999

New Phytologist

110

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This study examines interrelationships between eight leaf attributes (specific leaf mass, area, dry mass, lamina thickness, mesophyll cell number per cm#, mesophyll cell volume, chloroplast volume, and number of chloroplasts per mesophyll cell) in field-grown plants of 94 species from the Eastern Pamir Mountains, at elevations between 3800 and 4750 m. Unlike most other mountain areas, the Eastern Pamirs, Karakorum system, Tadjikistan provide localities where low temperatures and radiation combine with moisture stress at high altitudes. For all the attributes measured, significant differences were found between plants with different mesophyll types. Leaves with dorsiventral palisade structure (dorsal palisade, ventral spongy mesophyll cells) had thicker leaves with larger but fewer mesophyll cells, containing more and larger chloroplasts. These differences in mesophyll type are reflected in differences in the total surface of mesophyll cells per unit leaf area (A mes \A) or volume (A mes \V ). Plants with isopalisade leaf structure (palisade cells under both dorsal and ventral surfaces) are more commonly xerophytes and their increased values of A mes \A and A mes \V decrease CO # mesophyll resistance, which is an important adaptation to drought. Path analysis shows the critical importance of mesophyll cell volume in leading to the covariance between the different leaf attributes and hence to specific leaf mass (SLM), even though mesophyll cell volume is not itself strongly correlated with SLM. This is because mesophyll cell volume increases SLM through its effects on leaf thickness and chloroplast number per cell, but decreases SLM through its negative effect on mesophyll cell density.

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“…Under such conditions, the features of habitats, individuals and populations depend on the intensity and frequency of wavy motion. This causes bottom erosion and the transfer and accumulation of sand (Keddy 1985;Shipley et al 1989) and leads to habitats becoming barren. It also usually increases the mortality rate in the population, causes generations to rotate faster and influences a shift in reproduction from generative to vegetative (Szmeja 1994a-c).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The disintegration of populations of underwater plants in soft water lakes enriched with acidic organic matter

Szmeja

Bociąg

2011

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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The characteristics of habitats, individuals and populations of four submerged macrophytes, Lobelia dortmanna L., Isoëtes lacustris L., Sphagnum denticulatum Brid. and Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw., were studied in 12 soft water oligohumic lakes which had no inflow of allochtonic DOM and the DOC concentration in the water was <4.0 mg C dm -3 and 13 humic lakes enriched with allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) from drained peat bogs and ranging in DOC water concentration from 4.1 to 44.0 mg C dm -3 . The analyses of population disintegration were conducted basing on characteristics of individuals (size, habitat, fertility) and populations (aggregation density index, settlement index of the population area). The settlement index of the population area for Lobelia, Fontinalis, Isoëtes, Sphagnum decreased from 8.4 to 6.2 g d.w. m -2 , 4.6 to 0.01 g d.w. m -2 , 85.4 to <0.001 g d.w. m -2 and 39.3 to 7.2 g d.w. m -2 , respectively. Similar trends were observed in aggregation density. The general pattern of the disintegration of populations of these species was always similar. It was independent of the source macrophytes drew resources from or their susceptibility to environmental changes. Individuals began to be eliminated from the deep and central parts of the population area. The remainder of the populations, which persist in the shallowest, best-illuminated part of the area, are themselves endangered by disturbances caused by wavy motion. The only populations of submerged macrophytes which can survive in polyhumic lakes under such conditions are those which are resistant to disturbances common in the shallow littoral (Lobelia dortmanna, Fontinalis antipyretica).KEY WORDS: soft water lakes, macrophytes, DOM, disturbance, population structure, Isoëtes lacustris, Lobelia dortmanna, Sphagnum denticulatum, Fontinalis antipyretica.pes of ecosystems (Faliñski and Venanzoni 1991; Gillet and Gallandt 1996). However, in no other ecosystem is the vegetation structure as simple or has as few species as aquatic ecosystems do. The main element of this structure are dominant aggregations. They have their own rhythm of variations in abundance and density (Szmeja 1994a, b). As such, they are not only structural, but also functional vegetation units. Therefore, the aggregation density and the settlement index of the population area are useful characteristics in the study of the mechanisms of the disintegration of underwater plants populations that are under anthropogenic pressure.It was presumed that since the dominant macrophytes in soft water lakes have diverse plasticity reaction patterns and life strategies, in the sense that Grime proposed (1979), the extinction of species will vary in lakes supplied with DOM. It is hypothesized that the intensity of population collapse in lakes enriched with allochthonous acidic DOM depends on the degree of habitat transformation, the location in the littoral of the population area and life strategy of the species. It was also the intention of this paper to determine whether ...

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Regeneration and Establishment Strategies of Emergent Macrophytes

Cited by 160 publications

References 50 publications

Delayed Germination of Seeds: A Look at the Effects of Adult Longevity, the Timing of Reproduction, and Population Age/Stage Structure

Delayed Germination of Seeds: A Look at the Effects of Adult Longevity, the Timing of Reproduction, and Population Age/Stage Structure

Leaf structure and specific leaf mass: the alpine desert plants of the Eastern Pamirs, Tadjikistan

The disintegration of populations of underwater plants in soft water lakes enriched with acidic organic matter

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