Regeneration failure in Atlantic oakwoods: the roles of ungulate grazing and invertebrates

Palmer, Stephen C. F.; Mitchell, Ruth J.; Truscott, Anne-Marie; Welch, D.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.038

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Ever since, he has been followed by dozens of researchers confirming his pessimistic findings from various European regions (e.g. Shaw 1968aShaw , b, 1974Palmer et al 2004;Götmark et al 2005;Perrin et al 2006;Rackham 2006;Petritan et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We suspect that such a discrete model of landscape somehow 'determines' the pursuit of oak regeneration confined to woodland patches, in particular where oaks are present in the canopy layer. Deciduous Quercus species are representative components of the canopy in many managed and protected forest types in Europe, and many silvicultural methods were developed to regenerate oak in high forest systems (von Lüpke 1998;Palmer et al 2004;Annighöfer et al 2015). However, natural regeneration and successful recruitment into the canopy layer of such forests are usually missing without human support (Vera 2000 and references therein; Bobiec et al 2011a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeing the oakscape beyond the forest: a landscape approach to the oak regeneration in Europe

2018

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Context Intensification and specialisation of agriculture and forest use has led to profound structural and compositional changes in European landscapes. In particular, sharp, narrow edges adjacent to relatively homogenous vegetation types progressively replace transitional habitats, crucial for a plethora of species and ecological processes. Quercus robur and Q. petraea regeneration niches make them best adapted to such transitional habitats. However, contemporary oaks' importance, including their regeneration, is usually considered within limits of forest habitats. Objective Defining habitats, landscape patterns and processes fostering oak regeneration and 'oakscape' development. Methods We assessed the state-of-the art of the topical literature with respect to various aspects of oak regeneration based on a refined list of 234 titles from the Web of Science database. Results The review confirmed that the vast majority of studies focus on forest habitats, disregarding the fact that substantial part of acorns are being carried away and seeded by birds in non-forest habitats. Conclusions The common acceptance of the simplistic landscape mosaic model, based on segregated homogenous vegetation categories and clear-cut lines separating patches, impedes proper assessment of landscape changes, referring to 'untypical', transitional habitats-the true oaks' domain. Hence, restoring and sustaining European 'oakscape' should result from the overall landscape management, based on a better adapted gradient approach to landscape studies. Applying such an approach, we identified a set of habitats fostering successful oak regeneration and recruitment without direct human support, contributing to the contemporary 'oakscape', represented mostly by non-forest, either natural or anthropogenic habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing the oakscape beyond the forest: a landscape approach to the oak regeneration in Europe

2018

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“…Thus, while an understanding of forest spatial dynamics is important, buffer zones and provision of appropriate exclosures in areas of significant species loss (e.g. Mcinnes et al 1992;Cooke 2002), or desired expansion (Romagosa & Robison 2003;Palmer et al 2004;Truscott et al 2004) may prove as, or more, significant to the delivery of conservation objectives.…”

Section: - mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between the species composition of forest field‐layer vegetation and environmental drivers, assessed using a national scale survey

et al. 2006

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Summary1 Simulation models of forest stand dynamics have increased understanding of over-storey vegetation functioning, and have facilitated the development of tools capable of assessing possible successional trajectories. However, few models incorporate the response of the field layer vegetation despite it being another key component of forest ecosystems. 2 Our main objective was to assess the degree to which field-layer vegetation composition in forests is determined by variables operating at different scales, from regional (e.g. climate, location) to local factors (e.g. basal area of canopy trees, management). 3 We used data gathered during a nationwide forest survey to assess the relative effects of a broad spectrum of environmental variables on species composition. Variation partitioning was used to examine the relative contribution of subsets of environmental variables such as site spatial variation, boundary type and presence of herbivores. 4 Ordination confirmed hypotheses that field layer vegetation is primarily structured by two composite geo-climatic gradients. However, variation partitioning demonstrated that site-and plot-scale management factors also strongly influence the floristic composition of forest patches. 5 Disturbance variables (site boundary type/regional presence of deer) accounted for considerable species variation, exceeding that due to either site spatial variation or forest structure. 6 This is the first time variation attributable to such a comprehensive range of environmental variables has been quantified for forests surveyed at a national scale. We thus provide a context within which regional studies, or analyses considering a more limited range of factors, can be viewed, and a framework from which robust models of floristic response to gradual and episodic natural and anthropogenic disturbances may be developed. 7 The methodology we present, including a novel technique for the identification and removal of outliers in large data sets, provides a unique and standardized means of assessing the relative importance of diverse environmental drivers across a range of habitat types at the landscape scale, and is readily applicable elsewhere.

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“…One commonly accepted factor blamed for the shortage of oak in the new generation of trees is the strong competition and suppression by the shade-tolerant abundant undergrowth, particularly beech, lime and hornbeam (Vera 2000;Paluch 2005). Another factor considered responsible for the oak regeneration failure is grazing/browsing pressure referred to as 'game damages' (Paczoski 1930;Falinski 1986;Miścicki 1996;Kweczlich and Miścicki 2004;Palmer et al 2004;Götmark et al 2005;Paluch 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oak (Quercus robur L.) regeneration as a response to natural dynamics of stands in European hemiboreal zone

2011

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The oak (Quercus robur L.) regeneration intensity was assessed in the core area of the Białowie_ za National Park (BNP) in Poland with respect to the selected ecological factors. The emphasis was placed on the response of oak regeneration to disturbances, including the large-scale dieback of spruce stands. Defining their effect could help predicting the role of oak in naturally developing lowland forest ecosystems in the European hemiboreal zone. The results of the study challenge the opinion that the 'lime-oak-hornbeam forest' is a 'climax' community, confirming a very poor regeneration represented by only two saplings taller than 0.5 m per hectare. By contrast, in spruce-dominated communities, from 49 to 848 taller saplings per hectare were found. The occurrence of saplings was associated with discontinuous canopy of late seral stage of stands, as well as with large gaps. Most of the best quality grown-up oak saplings developed in the immediate neighbourhood of spruce logs. The results of the research indicate that 'lime-oak-hornbeam forest' (Tilio-Carpinetum) should be rather perceived as a transient community, evolved from relict, culturally modified, oak woodlands. Because spruce had become a dominating species only after abandoning in mid-1800s the historical regime of anthropogenic disturbances (involving frequent forest fires), the observed phenomena related to the disintegration of spruce stands had probably no precedent over the last 500 years. To confirm whether the massive decline of spruce stands will finally result in the successful establishment of the new canopy oak generation, both in Białowie_ za and other forests of hemiboreal zone, further research is needed.

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Regeneration failure in Atlantic oakwoods: the roles of ungulate grazing and invertebrates

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

Seeing the oakscape beyond the forest: a landscape approach to the oak regeneration in Europe

Seeing the oakscape beyond the forest: a landscape approach to the oak regeneration in Europe

Relationships between the species composition of forest field‐layer vegetation and environmental drivers, assessed using a national scale survey

Oak (Quercus robur L.) regeneration as a response to natural dynamics of stands in European hemiboreal zone

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