Regeneration in Cereal Tissue Culture: a Review

Abstract

This review examines the literature on successful establishment of regenerable cell cultures in the economically important cereal crops. Some of the major trends and strategies for the establishment of in vitro cultures that express totipotency are discussed as well as current approaches. It is apparent that in cereal tissue culture, not all cells express totipotency. Generally the auxin 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) is critical for the production of regenerable callus; however, the addition of cytokinin can be significant. Meristematic cells from immature tissues are the targets for plant growth regulator action. Some genotypes produce embryogenic cultures, while others are recalcitrant to in vitro manipulation. Regeneration occurs either by somatic embryogenesis or adventitious bud and shoot development with subsequent rooting. In these meristematic tissues, plastids are at the undifferentiated proplastid stage of development. The development of a white, nodulated embryogenic callus in somatic embryogenesis and the formation of green buds during organogenesis suggest divergent modes of plastid differentiation during morphogenesis. Plant growth regulators may be involved with inducing or directing different pathways of plastid differentiation. Genotypic differences in morphogenesis may be due to differences in endogenous hormone levels.

In vitro regeneration through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] cv. JKR105

“…While low concentrations of BAP favored the development of shoot buds from the pre-existing meristems (Shiva Prakash et al 1994;Ignacimuthu et al 1997). However, higher number of viable plants were regenerated on KIN medium in several cereal crops (Bhaskaran and Smith 1990). In contrast, the present studies demonstrated that 5.0 mg L −1 KIN had low shoot bud regeneration compared to 2.5 mg L −1 BAP and 0.5 mg L −1 TDZ (Fig.…”

Somatic Embryogenesis on Plumule and Radicle Explants Obtained from Warm Water Hydroprimed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Kunduru and cv. Cakmak Seeds

“…Both plumule and radicle tissues are juvenile tissues that contain meristematic cells that are main targets of plant growth regulator action (Bhaskaran & Smith 1990;Feher 2006;Vasil 1988). Moreover, external supply of 2,4-D accelerated induction of calli on these explants such that the developmental responses were highly dependent on endogenous and exogenous hormonal concentrations in agreement with Feher (2006).…”

THE EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR TRIACONTANOL TO THE GROWTH OF CACAO SEEDLINGS (Theobroma cacao L.)

“…According to Jimenez (2001); Chaudhury and Qu (2000), in order to determine the induction and expression of the growth and development of young plants, a certain ratio of endogenous and exogenous hormones is required. The effectiveness of exogenous growth regulators depends on the concentration of endogenous hormones (Bhaskaran and Smith, 1990). Then according to Cavusoglu et al (2008) triacontanol is very effective in trunk diameter, which is able to increase the width of the vascular vessels, xylem width, and the width of the phloem.…”