Regeneration in vitro of economically important crop plants in the Nordic countries

Abstract

Economically important crop plants comprise agronomic, horticultural and silvicultural species, of which there are numerous examples in the Nordic countries. This review only considers some species representative of the Brassicaceae. Chenopodiaceae. Poaceae and Pinaceae. By regeneration in vitro is meant the reproducible regenesis of plants from their component parts, rather than mass micropropagation which for most crop plants is as yet either irrelevant or unpractical. As regards agronomic crops, the state of application of cell and tissue culture techniques has progressed farthest with oilseed rape (Brassico napus): with allowance made for genotypic effects, regeneration from protoplasts and anther-cultured microspores has almost become routine. Again, allowing for genotypic differences, haploidization of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) via ovule culture and regeneration of plants with the aid of disarmed, shooty-mutant plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, often without intervening tumorigenesis, has been shown to be possible. Regeneration in vitro of both Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris can be accomplished, but only when embryonic or seedling tissues are used. The problem of rejuvenation of mature tissues to allow rooting of the adventitious buds that are inducible, within limits, is still unsolved. As elsewhere, lack of understanding or control of factors such as genotype, physiological history and pretreatment of donor plants, and optimal physical (light) and chemical (medium) conditions, still hampers optimization of techniques in the Nordic countries.

An alginate-layer technique for culture of Brassica oleracea L. protoplasts

“…Protoplasts from Brassica species were isolated from different sources, such as cell suspensions (Simmonds et al 1991 ), leaves (Jourdan and Earle 1989 ), roots (Xu et al 1982 ), petioles (Bornman 1985 ), cotyledons (Lu et al 1982 ; Zhao et al 1995 ), hypocotyls (Chuong et al 1985 ), stem embryos (Kohlenbach et al 1982 ), stem peels (Chuong et al 1987 ), and stem cortex (Klimaszewska and Keller 1987 ). The use of some types of tissues (such as roots and cortex) leads to a higher risk of contamination, while others (such as hypocotyls and cotyledons) required the use of large amount of seeds to obtain satisfactory yields, and others (such as suspension cultures) are difficult to maintain for Brassica species (Simmonds et al 1991 ).…”

Critical Review on Plant Micropropagation of Ethiopian Plants Reported So Far: Existing Gaps, Required Standardization, and Future Research Direction

“…A number of culture media have been developed and tested to satisfy the needs of a variety of plant cells and tissues for micropropagation. Some of these media differ in degree as dilutions of standard media, while others combine the micronutrient elements of one with the micronutrient elements of another [99].…”