Regeneration, Nutritional Values, and Antioxidants in Excised Adventitious Shoot of Radish Affected by Dark Treatment

Abstract

The study was to evaluate regeneration, mineral nutrients, and antioxidative activities of adventitious shoot in tuberous root radish (Raphanus sativus L.) grown under light and dark conditions in a controlled growth chamber. Small pieces of top of root radish, including adventitious shoots, were detached from mother radish roots (1 st cut) and grown for 22 days (22 DAC 1), which then re-cut (2 nd cut) and re-grown for 23 days (23 DAC 2). Fresh weight was heavier on plants grown under the dark condition (6.2 g) at 22 DAC 1 compared to the light condition (5.2 g) but was not significantly different between the treatment conditions at 23 DAC 2. Shoot length was significantly extended by the dark condition during the experimental period. Leaf concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn were significantly increased by the light condition, with high leaf concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Cu observed on the dark condition. Proline of total amino acids was highly increased by the light condition (126.8 mg g-1) compared to dark condition (16.3 mg g-1), but other total amino acid concentrations were varied between the treatment conditions. Fructose and sucrose were increased by dark and light conditions, respectively. Dark condition reduced scavenging activity (9.7%), total phenolic (12.2 mg g-1) and flavonoid compounds (0.05 mg g-1) compared to the light condition (scavenging activity; 49.3%, total phenolic 43.8 mg g-1 and flavonoid compounds; 0.21 mg g-1) at 22 DAC 1 , which was also observed at 23 DAC 2. Excised adventitious shoot of radish grown under the dark condition could be useful propagation technique for convenient consumption at all times and the physicochemical values to some degree.

Amino acid profiles and anti-nutritional contents of traditionally consumed six wild vegetables

“…Allium chinense (0.26 mg/g) and Allium macrostemon (0.14 mg/g FW). The glutamic acid content of current study ( Table 1) is found similar to that of Allium chinense (0.1 mg/g) and Allium macrostemon (0.64 mg/g) reported by He et al 25 and also to that of Raphanus sativus (0.66 mg/g DW) reported by Choi et al 23 However, Sun et al 26 reported higher amounts of glutamic acid contents in edible mushroom which ranged from 1.32 mg/g to 13.69 mg/g DW. Glutamic acid is a good neurotransmitter for spinal cord, brain and central nervous system, it helps in correction of physiological imbalances of the body and it also combat with the muscle hypertrophy after a protracted rest or chronic diseases such as AIDS and cancer 21 .…”

“…Similarly, Kivrak 29 reported the serine contents in some unifloral honey of Turkey ranging from 0.002 to 1.17 mg/g. In this study, low levels of the simplest amino acid glycine were detected only in C. sinensis (0.18 mg/g) and in L. javanica (0.02 mg/g DW) which is found similar to that of radish (0.06 mg/g DW) reported by Choi et al 23 and also to that of unifloral honeys of Turkey (0.03 mg/g to 0.20 mg/g) reported by Kivrak 29 . Similarly, the glycine contents in different varieties of buckwheat (0.004 to 0.1 mg/g) reported by Peng et al 30 are comparable with the glycine contents of present study.…”

“…29 On the other hand, the proline contents of current study are also found similar to that of some sea grasses such as Cymodocea serrulata (0.06 mg/g DW) and Halophila ovalis (1.1 mg/g DW) 31 and also comparable to rice (2.87 mg/g FW) 32 and Rubus amabilis (3.26 mg/g DW). 28 In this study, low level of arginine was detected only in C. sinensis (0.01 mg/g DW) which is comparable with the results of Rubus amabilis (0.04 mg/g DW) 28 , radish (0.01 mg/g DW) 23 , and Cenchrus ciliaris (0.02 mg/g DW). 24 However, higher amount of arginine has been reported in some mushroom species (0.52 mg/g to 7.42 gm/g).…”

“…21 The aspartic acid content of the present study is higher in comparison to the results reported in edible mushroom viz. Calvatia gigantea (0.004 mg/g DW) 22 , but similar to that of domestic vegetable Raphanus sativus (0.19 mg/g DW), 23 and some wild vegetables such as Oxalis corniculata (0.04 mg/g), Chenopodium album (0.05 mg/g), and Chenopodium ambrosioides (0.34 mg/g). 24 He et al 25 also reported comparable aspartic acid contents in two wild edible allium species viz.…”

“…26 The alanine content of the present study is comparable to that of two wild species viz. Allium chinense (0.29 mg/g DW) and Allium macrostemon (0.21mg/g DW) 25 , radish (0.13 mg/g DW) 23 , Ageratum conyzoides (0.23 mg/g FW) and Cenchrus ciliaris (0.26 mg/g FW) 24 and some unifloral honeys which ranged from 0.01 to 0.32 mg/g. 29 On the other hand, the proline contents of current study are also found similar to that of some sea grasses such as Cymodocea serrulata (0.06 mg/g DW) and Halophila ovalis (1.1 mg/g DW) 31 and also comparable to rice (2.87 mg/g FW) 32 and Rubus amabilis (3.26 mg/g DW).…”