Regeneration of activated carbon from babassu coconut refuse, applied as a complementary treatment to conventional refinery hydrotreatment of diesel fuel
“…The behaviour of the real diesel fuel has also been observed in other studies . It may be assumed that the structural similarities between these contaminants allowed them to compete for active sites, resulting in the inhibition of sulphur compound adsorption by the nitrogen compounds, similar to what occurs during hydrotreatment . However, in this case, it is expected that the aromatics did not compete with sulphur and nitrogen for the active sites.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 57%
“…Liquid hydrocarbons contain not only nitrogen and sulphur compounds but also large amounts of structurally similar aromatic compounds . The development of a complementary treatment to remove sulphur and nitrogen compounds refractory to hydrotreatment is necessary . As a complementary treatment the adsorption can be performed at ambient temperature and pressure and the S content in fuels can be reduced to a very low level …”
The adsorption of sulphur, nitrogen, and aromatic compounds on a regenerated equilibrium catalyst (ecat-R) was studied using model and real diesel fuels. The ecat-R was obtained by electrokinetic treatment of an equilibrium catalyst (Y zeolites) waste from fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units. The studied model diesel fuel contained dibenzothiophene (1039 mg/L), quinoline (600 mg/L), and naphthalene (600 mg/L), as models for sulphur, nitrogen, and aromatic compounds, respectively, in n-decane as solvent. The ecat-R was characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, N 2 adsorption-desorption, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and granulometry. The adsorption experiments were performed at 40 8C and 150 rpm. The results of the isotherm and kinetics studies were favourable; the material showed a high adsorption capacity for dibenzothiophene (2.8 mg S/g) and quinoline (6.3 mg N/g). The isotherm for naphthalene was less favourable (2 mg NAP/g). The process rapidly reached equilibrium in approximately 2 h. For real diesel fuel, the adsorption removal was 26 % for sulphur and 36 % for nitrogen.
“…The behaviour of the real diesel fuel has also been observed in other studies . It may be assumed that the structural similarities between these contaminants allowed them to compete for active sites, resulting in the inhibition of sulphur compound adsorption by the nitrogen compounds, similar to what occurs during hydrotreatment . However, in this case, it is expected that the aromatics did not compete with sulphur and nitrogen for the active sites.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 57%
“…Liquid hydrocarbons contain not only nitrogen and sulphur compounds but also large amounts of structurally similar aromatic compounds . The development of a complementary treatment to remove sulphur and nitrogen compounds refractory to hydrotreatment is necessary . As a complementary treatment the adsorption can be performed at ambient temperature and pressure and the S content in fuels can be reduced to a very low level …”
The adsorption of sulphur, nitrogen, and aromatic compounds on a regenerated equilibrium catalyst (ecat-R) was studied using model and real diesel fuels. The ecat-R was obtained by electrokinetic treatment of an equilibrium catalyst (Y zeolites) waste from fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units. The studied model diesel fuel contained dibenzothiophene (1039 mg/L), quinoline (600 mg/L), and naphthalene (600 mg/L), as models for sulphur, nitrogen, and aromatic compounds, respectively, in n-decane as solvent. The ecat-R was characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, N 2 adsorption-desorption, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and granulometry. The adsorption experiments were performed at 40 8C and 150 rpm. The results of the isotherm and kinetics studies were favourable; the material showed a high adsorption capacity for dibenzothiophene (2.8 mg S/g) and quinoline (6.3 mg N/g). The isotherm for naphthalene was less favourable (2 mg NAP/g). The process rapidly reached equilibrium in approximately 2 h. For real diesel fuel, the adsorption removal was 26 % for sulphur and 36 % for nitrogen.
“…The degradation of the adsorption capability is only 23.5% after 4 times regeneration. As comparison, the degradations are 28% for activated carbon after 4 times regeneration, 33.9% for Zn-exchanged NaY zeolites after 2 times regeneration, about 10% for SBA-15/Cu(I) adsorbents after 1 times regeneration and 76.2% for metal organic frameworks after 4 times regeneration, respectively 39–42 . The slight decrease of adsorption capacity is due to the residue after regeneration forming in the channels and blocking adsorption sites.Figure 8The adsorption capacity of porous BN fibers obtained after different regeneration times.
…”
We report on the controllable synthesis of porous BN microfibers and explore their applications as adsorbent for removing dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil. The growth evolution of porous BN microfibers has been carefully investigated by correlating their structural characteristics with their synthesis conditions. The as-prepared BN microfibers exhibit very high adsorption capacity for DBT (86 mg S g−1 according to the Langmuir isotherm model), showing excellent adsorptive desulfurization performance. The porous BN after adsorption can be regenerated by a simply heat treatment. After four times recycling, the regenerated adsorption capacity still remains more than 83% of that at the first adsorption. The superb oxidation resistance and chemical inertness, high sulfur adsorption capacity, as well as excellent regeneration performance render the developed porous BN microfibers to be a decent adsorbent for sulfur removal from fuels.
“…Among all four solvents used, toluene was selected having the greatest potential for the regeneration of the spent adsorbent and was applied in all subsequent regeneration cycles. The porosity of the spent adsorbent was enhanced to a greater extent because of the desorption of the DBT molecules from the blind pores of the spent saturated adsorbent using toluene as a washing solvent [29]. DBT showed very high solubility in toluene and the regeneration capability was much more effective as compared to other solvents tested [17,19,30].…”
The present study was planned to explore the selective desulphurization efficiency of the acid-modified activated charcoal (AC) as an adsorbent. The oil samples selected were the model oil and the commercial kerosene & diesel. The adsorption capacity of the AC was evaluated for the removal of one of the sulfur analogs i.e. dibenzothiophene (DBT) present in the fuel samples under a set of experimental conditions. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the DBT desulphurization were studied. It was observed that the adsorption firmly followed pseudo-second order kinetic model. Moreover, the experimental value of the amount of DBT adsorbed at equilibrium "q e " was nearly equal to the value calculated from the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied and the experimental data best fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Compared to other commercially available adsorbents, the acid-modified AC was found to be cost-effective, highly efficient and selective for the DBT removal from the model as well as real petroleum based oils.
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