Regeneration of catalysts deactivated by coke deposition: A review

Zhou, Jianrong; Zhao, Jianping; Zhang, Jinling; Zhang, Tao; Ye, Mao; Liu, Zhongmin

doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63552-5

Cited by 165 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(210 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Coke oxidation with oxygen is an exothermic reaction that is usually described by the following set of equations, representing the total oxidation of solid unspecified carbonaceous compounds, where H(s) represents hydrogen atoms attached to solid coke compounds [23]:…”

Section: Oxidation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following work reviews the different methods used to remove these carbonaceous deposits for catalyst regeneration, with a particular focus on zeolite catalysts used in pyrolysis of plastic waste. Three main techniques exist to regenerate coked catalysts: coke oxidation (with air/oxygen or other oxidants), gasification (with carbon dioxide or water vapor), or hydrogenation [23]. Particular attention is given to literature dealing with oxidative treatments, using oxygen or alternative oxidants in milder conditions, as they represent the main interesting methods for coked zeolite catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Deactivation and Regeneration of Zeolite Catalysts Used in Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes—A Process and Analytical Review

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In catalytic industrial processes, coke deposition remains a major drawback for solid catalysts use as it causes catalyst deactivation. Extensive study of this phenomenon over the last decades has provided a better understanding of coke behavior in a great number of processes. Among them, catalytic pyrolysis of plastics, which has been identified as a promising process for waste revalorization, is given particular attention in this paper. Combined economic and environmental concerns rose the necessity to restore catalytic activity by recovering deactivated catalysts. Consequently, various regeneration processes have been investigated over the years and development of an efficient and sustainable process remains an industrial challenge. Coke removal can be achieved via several chemical processes, such as oxidation, gasification, and hydrogenation. This review focuses on oxidative treatments for catalyst regeneration, covering the current progress of oxidation treatments and presenting advantages and drawbacks for each method. Molecular oxidation with oxygen and ozone, as well as advanced oxidation processes with the formation of OH radicals, are detailed to provide a deep understanding of the mechanisms and kinetics involved (direct and indirect oxidation, reaction rates and selectivity, diffusion, and mass transfer). Finally, this paper summarizes all relevant analytical techniques that can be used to characterize deactivated and regenerated solid catalysts: XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, NH3-TPD, elemental analysis, IR. Analytical techniques are classified according to the type of information they provide, such as structural characteristics, elemental composition, or chemical properties. In function of the investigated property, this overall tool is useful and easy-to-use to determine the adequate analysis.

show abstract

Section: Oxidation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation and Regeneration of Zeolite Catalysts Used in Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes—A Process and Analytical Review

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Los mecanismos de desactivación de los catalizadores se pueden clasificar en las siguientes categorías (Argyle y Bartholomew, 2015;Larsson, 2007;Zhou et al, 2020…”

Section: Mecanismos De Desactivaciónunclassified

“…Uno de los principales inconvenientes presentes durante el empleo de catalizadores heterogéneos industriales es la desactivación inminente e inevitable con el transcurso del tiempo de los sitios activos, acompañada de la pérdida de actividad catalítica y disminución de la selectividad del producto deseado (Zhou et al, 2020). Por ejemplo: a) el catalizador del proceso FCC se desactiva por la formación de coque depositado sobre la superficie del catalizador (Al-Khattaf, 2002;Bai et al, 2018;Ino et al, 1996); b) el proceso de desactivación de los catalizadores de hidrodesulfuración (HDS) se realiza en tres fases: una desactivación rápida debido a la formación de coque en la superficie del catalizador; una desactivación lenta debida al recubrimiento de la superficie de los catalizadores por metales, como Ni, Va, Na, entre otros, y, una desactivación rápida causada por el bloqueo de los poros del catalizador debida a la deposición de metales y coque (Kallinikos et al, 2008;Seki et al, 2001).…”

unclassified

Mecanismos de desactivación de catalizadores heterogéneos

Romero

Sarabia-Bañuelos

Hernández-González

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

La desactivación catalítica es un problema serio en las diferentes secciones del proceso de refinación del petróleo, que causa la pérdida de actividad catalítica con respecto al tiempo de operación. La presente revisión está enfocada en los mecanismos de desactivación de catalizadores, tales como envenenamiento, ensuciamiento, degradación térmica y sinterización, degradación química y fallas mecánicas como el desgaste y el aplastado del catalizador, en el craqueo catalítico fluidizado (FCC), la hidrodesulfuración (HDS) y el reformado catalítico. Las causas de estos mecanismos de desactivación catalítica son químicos, térmicos y mecánicos. Se revisan las características y consideraciones clave para cada uno de estos tipos de mecanismos de desactivación. Además, el costo total por la desactivación catalítica aumenta gradualmente cada año debido al remplazo del catalizador gastado, generando miles de toneladas de desechos industriales.

show abstract

“…Some processes need the heat to convert water into steam to operate utilities such as boilers. Enriched oxygen can be also used to regenerate the catalyst from the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process by burning off the deposited coke on the catalyst surface [6]. The enriched oxygen accelerated the regeneration rate of the catalyst [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriched Oxygen for Crude Oil Preheating in Petroleum Refining

Alqaheem

Alomair

2021

International Journal of Thermodynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The crude distillation unit is one of the energy-intensive processes in the refinery. This is because of the crude preheater that suffers from excessive energy loss due to the use of air in the combustion furnace. Alternatively, fuel combustion by enriched oxygen can improve heat efficiency, minimize fuel consumption and reduce emissions. In this paper, enriched oxygen has been simulated by UniSim for preheating Kuwaiti crude in one of the distillation columns in the Clean Fuels Project. Results show that the use of 30 mol% of concentrated oxygen reduced fuel consumption by 5%. Carbon dioxide emissions were also minimized by 22,240 tons per year. A membrane system made from perfluoropolymer was simulated for the production of 5,298 tons of enriched oxygen (per day) and it required an area of 39,000 m 2 with a capital investment of 6.9 million $.

show abstract

Regeneration of catalysts deactivated by coke deposition: A review

Cited by 165 publications

References 144 publications

Deactivation and Regeneration of Zeolite Catalysts Used in Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes—A Process and Analytical Review

Deactivation and Regeneration of Zeolite Catalysts Used in Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes—A Process and Analytical Review

Mecanismos de desactivación de catalizadores heterogéneos

Enriched Oxygen for Crude Oil Preheating in Petroleum Refining

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About