Regeneration of podocarps on Mt Tarawera, Rotorua

Burke, W. D.

doi:10.1080/0028825x.1974.10428863

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The complete range from total destruction of communities to full survival, even in close proximity to the source, is apparent. Similarly, on Mt Tarawera, some trees growing on the edge of Plateau Dome, about 1.5 km from the closest crater, survived; elsewhere, survivors occurred only at greater distance from the craters (Burke 1974), and on Mt Taranaki the Burrell eruption killed trees mainly on the upper south-eastern slopes (Druce 1966). The principal mode of destruction of the recent White Island eruptions is, however, atypical compared to other eruptions in historic times in New Zealand.…”

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 97%

Vegetation decline following recent eruptions on White Island (Whakaari), Bay of Plenty, New Zealand

Clarkson

1994

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Vegetation decline following recent eruptions on White Island (Whakaari) was assessed during 1986 and 1990 using historical accounts (1959 and 1967) as a baseline. More than two-thirds of the Metrosideros excelsa (pohutukawa) forest and scrub and all of the gannetry vegetation had declined markedly and several species had become locally extinct. The most probable causes of death of M. excelsa were toxic fumes, wet ash coating leaves, and "acid rain". For the small herbaceous species, complete burial by tephra was probably the main cause of death. Size class structures of three forest plots and M. excelsa growth ring counts suggested several phases of forest development, with the most advanced forest older than 180 years. Data from M. excelsa forests on other volcanic islands indicate that mature M. excelsa forest develops in 250 years. The depauperate flora of White Island compared with other Bay of Plenty islands probably results from the extreme soil conditions and continuing volcanicity. With the current eruption regime on White Island, further vegetation decline is expected.

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Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 97%

Vegetation decline following recent eruptions on White Island (Whakaari), Bay of Plenty, New Zealand

Clarkson

1994

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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“…The most noticeable change is on the stable rhyolite cliffs and amongst rhyolite boulders on the crater floors where shrubs, particularly broadleaf, have increased markedly at the expense of tutu. Species number has increased 57%, from 74 to 116, but the proportions The total vascular flora recorded on all the dometops, compiled from all sources (Burke 1964;Druce & Ogle 1977;Clarkson & Clarkson 1983; herbarium records; this study) is now 235; 171 indigenes (73%) and 64 adventives (27%; Appendix 1).…”

Section: I 11271mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…near Rotorua, which erupted in 1886. Records of the vegetation both before the eruption (Kirk 1872) and at intervals following (Aston 1915(Aston , 1916Turner 1928;Nicholls 1959;Burke 1964;Ogle 1966;Dickinson 1980;Timmins 1981Timmins , 1983Clarkson & Clarkson 1983, 1989) provide a uniquely large, useful data set for deducing successional trends and rates of change. This study investigates the changes in vegetation that have occurred during the past 10-14 years, and provides preliminary analyses of soils associated with the vegetation sequence, to help identify causes of species replacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent vegetation changes on Mount Tarawera, Rotorua, New Zealand

Clarkson

1995

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Vegetation changes over the period 1978-1992 on Mt Tarawera volcano are described and analysed in order to identify causes of species replacement. The most significant change has been an increase of tutu (Coriaria arborea), which has spread from the upper side of Kanakana Dome onto much of the top. Tutu colonisation appears to be limited by marginal habitat conditions, such as soil infertility, low water availability, and harsh climate, and the slow spread of its nitrogen-fixing endophyte. Habitat conditions may have become more favourable over recent decades because of increased soil fertility from weathering of the substrate and addition of organic material, and an overall warming of climate. Severe and unseasonable frosts cause dieback and periodically check tutu success; this facilitates replacement by more frost-tolerant, later successional species such as broadleaf (Griselinia littoralis).Preliminary analyses of dome-top soils reveal low levels of all nutrients tested, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. Nutrient levels increase with increasing vegetation cover and complexity, and nitrogen increases markedly following establishment of tutu. Dome-side kamahi (Weinmannia racemosa) forest soils are much more fertile presumably because of the longer established vegetation, and input of nutrients from breakdown of buried pre-eruption forest debris and from the buried soil. The developing kamahi-broadleaf dome-top forest is being modified B94017 Received 4 March 1994; accepted 3 October 1994by preferential browsing of kamahi by introduced animals.

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“…Leptospermum scoparium typically occurs in the absence of Kunzea on higher elevation North Island sites such as on Mt Tarawera (e.g. Burke 1974;Clarkson & Clarkson 1983), and in localities beyond the environmental range of Kunzea, including Southland, South Westland, and Stewart Island (Burrows 1973;Wardle 1974Wardle , 1991. By contrast, Kunzea occupies the Myrtaceae stage in the absence of L. scoparium in some areas such as Te Urewera Richardson et al 2014), Uretara Island in the Bay of Plenty (Smale 1993), and coastal sand dunes (Smale 1994;Smale et al 1996).…”

Section: Descriptions Of Change For New Zealand Conifer-angiosperm Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In central Westland W. racemosa, alongside Metrosideros umbellata, colonises sites recently devastated by landslides (Stewart & Veblen 1982), and in south Westland W. racemosa is one of the first tree species to establish following flooding, alongside Pennantia corymbosa (Wardle 1974). Near the elevational treeline in the central North Island W. racemosa is an initial colonist after volcanic activity, sometimes with L. scoparium (Nicholls 1959;Burke 1974;Clarkson & Clarkson 1983). At these sites, as well as montane conifer-angiosperm forest in areas such as Pureora (Smale & Kimberley 1993), W. racemosa is a dominant canopy species in mature forest (Ogden et al 2005).…”

Section: Descriptions Of Change For New Zealand Conifer-angiosperm Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealand forest dynamics: a review of past and present vegetation responses to disturbance, and development of conceptual forest models

Wyse¹,

Wilmshurst²,

Burns³

et al. 2018

NZ J Ecol

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New Zealand forests have been and are shaped by a suite of disturbance types that vary in both their spatial extent and frequency of recurrence. Post-disturbance forest dynamics can be complex, non-linear, and involve multiple potential pathways depending on the nature of a perturbation, site conditions, and history. To capture the full range of spatial and temporal dynamics that shape forest ecosystems in a given area, we need to use and synthesise data sources that collectively capture all the relevant space-time scales. Here we integrate palaeoecological data with contemporary ecological evidence to build conceptual models describing post-disturbance dynamics in New Zealand (NZ) forests, encompassing large temporal and spatial scales. We review NZ forest disturbance regimes, focussing primarily on geological and geomorphic disturbances and weather-related disturbances but also considering the role of anthropogenic disturbance in shaping present-day NZ forests. Combining information from 58 studies of post-disturbance forest succession, we derive conceptual models and describe forest communities and forest change for conifer-angiosperm (including kauri forest), and beech forests (pure and mixed). The methods used in these studies included chronosequences, assessments of stand dynamics, longitudinal studies, palaeoecological reconstructions, and comparisons with historical observations; the temporal range of the studies extended from 15 years to millennia (c. 14 000 years BP). Our models capture the generalities of NZ forest dynamics, and can be used to support modelling and help guide decision-making in areas such as ecosystem restoration. However, this generality limits model resolution, meaning the models do not always portray the specific features of individual sites and successional pathways. There is, therefore, scope for more detailed, site-specific development and refinement of these frameworks. Finally, our models capture successional pathways and native plant communities from the past and present; invasive species, climate change, and exotic plant pathogens are likely to alter future forest dynamics in novel and unpredictable ways. These models, however, provide us with baselines against which to interpret and assess the impacts of such effects on forest composition and processes.

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Regeneration of podocarps on Mt Tarawera, Rotorua

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Vegetation decline following recent eruptions on White Island (Whakaari), Bay of Plenty, New Zealand

Vegetation decline following recent eruptions on White Island (Whakaari), Bay of Plenty, New Zealand

Recent vegetation changes on Mount Tarawera, Rotorua, New Zealand

New Zealand forest dynamics: a review of past and present vegetation responses to disturbance, and development of conceptual forest models

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