Regeneration of spent lithium-ion battery materials

Clean Universal Solid-State Recovery Method of Waste Lithium-Ion Battery Ternary Positive Materials and Their Electrochemical Properties

“…Figure b exhibits the charge and discharge curves at different rates, and the first coulombic efficiency is 88.2% at 0.1 C. The cycle life is shown in Figure c, and the discharge specific capacities after 100 cycles of the material are 168.4, 133.1, and 115 mAh·g –1 at 0.2, 0.5, and 1 C, with the capacity retention rates of 93.2, 80.3, and 74.3%, respectively. Compared with the previously published re-synthesized material, it is found that the electrochemical performance of the regenerated materials is superior to those of the materials regenerated by other methods (such as the thermal method, solid–liquid extraction method, liquid–liquid extraction method, sol–gel method, closed-loop regeneration, and electrode reconstruction) and is equivalent to those of the materials regenerated by the coprecipitation method . When the charge–discharge rate increases, the discharge specific capacity loss becomes larger, which may be due to the intensification of polarization, increasing the resistance of the battery and causing capacity loss.…”

“…Compared with the previously published re-synthesized material, it is found that the electrochemical performance of the regenerated materials is superior to those of the materials regenerated by other methods (such as the thermal method, solid−liquid extraction method, liquid−liquid extraction method, sol−gel method, closed-loop regeneration, and electrode reconstruction) and is equivalent to those of the materials regenerated by the coprecipitation method. 53 When the charge−discharge rate increases, the discharge specific capacity loss becomes larger, which may be due to the intensification of polarization, increasing the resistance of the battery and causing capacity loss. Moreover, Figure 9d exhibits the cyclic voltammetry curve of the regenerated NCM111.…”

The Foreseeable Future of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Advanced Upcycling for Toxic Electrolyte, Cathode, and Anode from Environmental and Technological Perspectives

“…91,99 ILs own numerous favorable features such as ignorable intensity of vapor pressures, nonflammability, high thermostability, and excellent synthesis flexibility. 64 first charge capacity (173.6 mAh g −1 ) of R-NCM-LiBr-C 2 is close to that (175.3 mAh g −1 ) of pristine NCM, greatly outclassing the first charging capacity of 145.9 mAh g −1 of D-NCM. 101 Electrochemical Relithiation.…”

“…63 The direct regeneration technology innovatively introduces a targeted repair method for lithiumdeficient structures. 59,64 The recycled material can be used directly in the manufacture of new batteries, eliminating many subsequent steps and using fewer chemicals in the recycling process, further reducing greenhouse gas emissions.…”

“…The failure mechanism of the cathode of LIBs mainly includes the following two aspects: (1) The lithium ions originally in the cathode cannot completely return to their original position during the charging and discharging cycle of the battery, forming a thickened SEI, resulting in the loss of lithium ions, thereby forming lithium defects in the crystals of the cathode, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity. − (2) Due to prolonged contact with the electrolyte, the surface of the cathode material undergoes a phase change, the conductivity of lithium ions decreases, and the increase in polarization leads to a decrease in battery capacity. , Compared with traditional pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, instead of complete decomposition of active material, direct regeneration technology is to make active materials from cathodic electrodes directly repaired, and the regenerated material is reused in newly manufactured LIBs . The direct regeneration technology innovatively introduces a targeted repair method for lithium-deficient structures. , The recycled material can be used directly in the manufacture of new batteries, eliminating many subsequent steps and using fewer chemicals in the recycling process, further reducing greenhouse gas emissions.…”