Regenerative approaches for the treatment of early OA

Girolamo, Laura de; Kon, Elizaveta; Filardo, Giuseppe; Marmotti, Antonio; Soler, Francesc; Peretti, Giuseppe M.; Vannini, Francesca; Madry, Henning; Chubinskaya, Susan

doi:10.1007/s00167-016-4125-y

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The therapeutic potential of MSCs have been largely investigated in in vitro and preclinical settings, as well as in many studies at clinical level, for their ability to improve healing from orthopedic conditions such as chondral lesion [16], osteoarthritis [17], tendinopathy [18], intervertebral disk disease [19], and bone non-union/delayed unions [20]. MSCs have been used either expanded [21] or as concentrated progenitor pools [22], both with satisfactory results.…”

Section: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Multimodal Tool To Treat Musculoskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic target of biophysical stimulation for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

et al. 2016

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BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders are regarded as a major cause of worldwide morbidity and disability, and they result in huge costs for national health care systems. Traditional therapies frequently turned out to be poorly effective in treating bone, cartilage, and tendon disorders or joint degeneration. As a consequence, the development of novel biological therapies that can treat more effectively these conditions should be the highest priority in regenerative medicine.Main body of the abstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent one of the most promising tools in musculoskeletal tissue regenerative medicine, thanks to their proliferation and differentiation potential and their immunomodulatory and trophic ability. Indeed, MSC-based approaches have been proposed for the treatment of almost all orthopedic conditions, starting from different cell sources, alone or in combination with scaffolds and growth factors, and in one-step or two-step procedures. While all these approaches would require cell harvesting and transplantation, the possibility to stimulate the endogenous MSCs to enhance their tissue homeostasis activity represents a less-invasive and cost-effective therapeutic strategy. Nowadays, the role of tissue-specific resident stem cells as possible therapeutic target in degenerative pathologies is underinvestigated. Biophysical stimulations, and in particular extracorporeal shock waves treatment and pulsed electromagnetic fields, are able to induce proliferation and support differentiation of MSCs from different origins and affect their paracrine production of growth factors and cytokines.Short conclusionsThe present review reports the attempts to exploit the resident stem cell potential in musculoskeletal pathologies, highlighting the role of MSCs as therapeutic target of currently applied biophysical treatments.

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Section: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Multimodal Tool To Treat Musculoskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if further studies are needed to confirm their utility and to standardize applications, the results of the use of MSCs in orthopedic conditions are very promising and many studies are nowadays ongoing [17]. …”

Section: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Multimodal Tool To Treat Musculoskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic target of biophysical stimulation for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

et al. 2016

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“…Despite extensive preclinical research with promising results, because of its technical limitations such as deinition on the optimal cell source, processing, assembly with scafolding, and administration modality, the use in patients is not yet overwhelming, and the design of a systematic procedure is still to be addressed [34,35,153,154].…”

Section: Cartilage Injuries and Osteoarthritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Fuentes-Mera¹,

Camacho²,

Moncada‐Saucedo³

et al. 2017

Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Isolation, Characterization and Applications

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Articular cartilage injuries caused by traumatic/mechanical progressive degeneration result in joint pain, swelling, the consequent loss of joint function, and eventually osteoarthritis. Articular tissue possesses a poor ability to regenerate that further complicates the therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative treatment. Recently, it has been reported that a wide variety of strategies ranging from merely using cells in the injured area to employ biofunctional substitutes in which cells are harmonizing with scafolding and growth factors to create an engineered cartilage tissue.This chapter reviews the state-of the-art in cartilage tissue engineering focused on tissue engineering approaches designed to recapitulate the native development of cartilage and its tridimensional structure as an osteochondral unit. Since the production of hypertrophied tissue is one of the most critical challenges to overcome in chondral tissue regeneration, here we show new strategies to minimize hypertrophy in cartilage. Finally, the eicacy and safety of diferent treatments of cartilage in current clinical trials will be discussed.While the framework provides new features and beneits concerning the strategies for articular tissue regeneration, this chapter presents a set of tools to improve approaches to orthopedic regenerative medicine based on the use of MSCs.Keywords: MSCs, MSCs-subpopulations, cartilage regeneration, cartilage tissue engineering, hypertrophy © 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. IntroductionThe chondrocytes are the only cells found in cartilage. The chondrocytes demonstrate distinctive properties such as being metabolically active in order to maintain the renewal of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by synthesizing collagens, proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, and glycoproteins. Restoration of the cartilage damage is still challenging for orthopedic medicine due to its poor ability to regenerate [1].Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential applications in tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine represents an atractive option for repairing lesions in cartilage. Stem cellbased therapies that harmonize with tissue-engineering technologies, and biomaterials are vital for the continuous advance of cartilage regenerative medicine [2,3].Once the relationship between structure function in normal and damaged tissues is understood and the development of biological substitutes for the repair or regeneration can be reached. To develop a biological substitute, tissue engineering uses scafolds, cells, and growth factors. Each of these elements alone is able to promote tissue regeneration, but composites fabricated in combination would be more efective [4,5].The objective of the present chapter is, therefore, t...

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“…For patients with early or middle stage OA, a non-arthroplasty treatment regime is typically prescribed, which is focused on the control of symptoms including the imbalance of cartilage homeostasis (13). Previous studies have demonstrated that chitosan and its derivatives may serve a protective role in OA (14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxymethyl‑chitosan attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase and promotes interleukin‑10 production in rat chondrocytes

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common age-related degenerative joint disease, which is caused by the breakdown of joint cartilage and the underlying bone. Carboxymethyl (CM)-chitosan is a soluble derivative of chitosan that has similar physicochemical properties to the extracellular proteoglycans identified in hyaline cartilage. Previous studies have demonstrated that CM-chitosan serves a protective role in a rabbit OA model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CM-chitosan on NO production and inflammation through its upregulation of interleukin (IL)-10, and the activation of the janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)/suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) signaling pathway. In the present study primary rat chondrocytes were induced to inflammation with 2 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide. The cells were subsequently subjected to increasing concentrations of CM-chitosan (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) and the relative mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-10, JAK1, STAT3 and SOCS3 were measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis respectively. The results revealed that CM-chitosan attenuated inflammation by significantly reducing iNOS expression and upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The expression of JAK1, STAT3 and SOCS3 were also significantly upregulated by CM-chitosan (all P<0.05).

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Regenerative approaches for the treatment of early OA

Cited by 73 publications

References 65 publications

Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic target of biophysical stimulation for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic target of biophysical stimulation for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

Current Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Carboxymethyl‑chitosan attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase and promotes interleukin‑10 production in rat chondrocytes

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