Regenerative Efficacy of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Derived Bone Graft Putty in Rabbit Bone Defect Model

Chiu, Yen-Lung; Luo, Yun-Li; Chen, Yuan-Wu; Wu, Chi-Tsung; Periasamy, Sivakumar; Yen, Ko-Chung; Hsieh, Dar-Jen

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10112802

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It was observed that the modified cement was biocompatible and enhanced cell proliferation [ 29 ]. The animal tissue samples were subjected to histopathological analysis using two different stains, first with H&E staining, which clearly differentiates cartilage, bone and cellular elements, and then with alizarin red stain, which aids in assessing new bone formation by staining osteocytes and the osteoid matrix [ 30 ]. We could observe the formation of bone matrix and the influx of non-inflammatory cell infiltrates at the defect site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-Reinforced Gelatin Microspheres-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Novel Bone Alloplast Graft Material Synthesis and an In Vivo Analysis

Surendran,

Rohinikumar,

Eswaramoorthy

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Aim and objective The study aimed to assess and evaluate the efficacy of glass ionomer modified with chitosan-reinforced gelatin microspheres on bone formation. Materials and methods The study involved three groups: Group I comprised plain glass ionomer cement; Group II comprised glass ionomer cement/gelatin (70:30 wt%); in Group III, glass ionomer cement/gelatin/chitosan (70:30%) scaffold were made into discs; the gelatin microspheres were synthesized by oil emulsion method. The synthesized scaffold was subjected to the following in vitro testing, Instron Universal Testing Machine (UTM), U3000, (Instron Corporation, Norwood, Massachusetts, United States) to assess compressive strength, scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination, and biocompatibility testing using hemocompatibility assay. The material was then tested in vivo; male Wistar albino rats, a total of nine animals, were utilized for this purpose. Three animals were used in each group; a femoral defect model was the model of choice for the experiment and the animals were observed for a period of four weeks, following which the animals were sacrificed and sent for histopathological analysis. Results The compression testing was carried out using UTM; test group I was 33 MPa, test group II was 2.3 MPa, and test group III was 25.75 MPa. SEM (JSM-IT800 Schottky Field Emission NANO SEM (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan)) analysis was done to observe the porosity of the fabricated scaffold with the average measurement of 0.12 ± 0.2 μm in test group II and 0.29 ± 0.4 μm in test group III. Hemocompatibility reports noted 0.4-0.8% lysis for the synthesized scaffolds. Histopathology staining of the femur defects showed that group III favoured bone formation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test was done on the data. The optical density values of the alizarin red stained slide showed statistical significance for group III. Conclusion In conclusion, the synthesized scaffolds are biocompatible, distribution of porosity and pore characteristics in the glass ionomer cement/gelatin/chitosan group is better than that of the glass ionomer cement/gelatin group. The glass ionomer cement/gelatin/chitosan group had better compressive strength and induced more bone formation compared to the other test group and the control. Thus, the novel glass ionomer modified with chitosan-reinforced gelatin microspheres has optimal properties to be used as a bone graft material.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-Reinforced Gelatin Microspheres-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Novel Bone Alloplast Graft Material Synthesis and an In Vivo Analysis

Surendran,

Rohinikumar,

Eswaramoorthy

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…The skin was incised distally, and the muscles were dilated bluntly. A 5 mm drill was used to create bone defects in the metaphysis of the femur to a depth of 10 mm ( Figure 2 ) [ 34 ]. Following this procedure, the rabbits were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental groups using simple randomization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bone Regenerative Capacity in Rabbit Femoral Defect Using Thermally Disinfected Bone Human Femoral Head Combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma, Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, and Zoledronic Acid

et al. 2023

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This research aimed to assess the effect of bone allograft combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), and zoledronic acid (Zol) on bone formation. A total of 96 rabbits were used, and femoral bone defects (5 mm) were created. The rabbits were divided into four groups: (1) bone allograft with PRP (AG + PRP), (2) bone allograft with rhBMP-2 5 μg (AG + BMP-2), (3) bone allograft with Zol 5 μg (AG + Zol), and (4) bone allograft (AG). A histopathological examination was performed to evaluate bone defect healing after 14, 30, and 60 days. The new bone formation and neovascularization inside the bone allograft was significantly greater in the AG + PRP group compared to AG and AG + Zol groups after 14 and 30 days (p < 0.001). The use of bone allograft with rhBMP-2 induced higher bone formation compared to AG and AG + Zol groups on days 14 and 30 (p < 0.001), but excessive osteoclast activity was observed on day 60. The local co-administration of Zol with a heat-treated allograft inhibits allograft resorption as well as new bone formation at all periods. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PRP and rhBMP-2, combined with a Marburg bone allograft, can significantly promote bone formation in the early stage of bone defect healing.

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“…Subsequently, the system was depressurized at 0.3–0.4 MPa min −1 to atmospheric pressure before the bones were extracted. The experimental parameters used in this study are based on the NovaSterilis (Lansing, NY, USA) standard procedures which are recommended to achieve SAL 10 −6 and the additives represent common allograft processing agents 38,42,43 . The individual groups and details of the various treatment conditions are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gamma irradiation and supercritical carbon dioxide sterilization with Novakill™ or ethanol on the fracture toughness of cortical bone

Shin,

Pelletier,

Lovric

et al. 2023

J Biomed Mater Res

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Sterilization of structural bone allografts is a critical process prior to their clinical use in large cortical bone defects. Gamma irradiation protocols are known to affect tissue integrity in a dose dependent manner. Alternative sterilization treatments, such as supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), are gaining popularity due to advantages such as minimal exposure to denaturants, the lack of toxic residues, superior tissue penetration, and minor impacts on mechanical properties including strength and stiffness. The impact of SCCO2 on the fracture toughness of bone tissue, however, remains unknown. Here, we evaluate crack initiation and growth toughness after 2, 6, and 24 h SCCO2‐treatment using Novakill™ and ethanol as additives on ~11 samples per group obtained from a pair of femur diaphyses of a canine. All mechanical testing was performed at ambient air after 24 h soaking in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS). Results show no statistically significant difference in the failure characteristics of the Novakill™‐treated groups whereas crack growth toughness after 6 and 24 h of treatment with ethanol significantly increases by 37% (p = .010) and 34% (p = .038), respectively, compared to an untreated control group. In contrast, standard 25 kGy gamma irradiation causes significantly reduced crack growth resistance by 40% (p = .007) compared to untreated bone. FTIR vibrational spectroscopy, conducted after testing, reveals a consistent trend of statistically significant differences (p < .001) with fracture toughness. These trends align with variations in the ratios of enzymatic mature to immature crosslinks in the collagen structure, suggesting a potential association with fracture toughness. Additional Raman spectroscopy after testing shows a similar trend with statistically significant differences (p < .005), which further supports that collagen structural changes occur in the SCF‐treated groups with ethanol after 6 and 24 h. Our work reveals the benefits of SCCO2 sterilization compared to gamma irradiation.

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Regenerative Efficacy of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Derived Bone Graft Putty in Rabbit Bone Defect Model

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Chitosan-Reinforced Gelatin Microspheres-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Novel Bone Alloplast Graft Material Synthesis and an In Vivo Analysis

Chitosan-Reinforced Gelatin Microspheres-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Novel Bone Alloplast Graft Material Synthesis and an In Vivo Analysis

Evaluation of Bone Regenerative Capacity in Rabbit Femoral Defect Using Thermally Disinfected Bone Human Femoral Head Combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma, Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, and Zoledronic Acid

Effect of gamma irradiation and supercritical carbon dioxide sterilization with Novakill™ or ethanol on the fracture toughness of cortical bone

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