Regenerative Medicine in Urology

Garriboli, Massimo; Radford, Anna; Southgate, Jennifer

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382259

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…There is a clinical need to reconstruct the lower urinary tract in patients with end-stage bladder diseases, including cancer (reviewed by [14] ). In current surgical practices where the bladder is reconstructed with bowel (enterocystoplasty or cystectomy with urinary diversion using bowel), the large majority of complications arise from the incompatibility of bowel epithelium to long-term urine exposure [13] , [15] , [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential transcription factor expression by human epithelial cells of buccal and urothelial derivation

Hustler

Eardley

Hinley

et al. 2018

Experimental Cell Research

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Identification of transcription factors expressed by differentiated cells is informative not only of tissue-specific pathways, but to help identify master regulators for cellular reprogramming. If applied, such an approach could generate healthy autologous tissue-specific cells for clinical use where cells from the homologous tissue are unavailable due to disease. Normal human epithelial cells of buccal and urothelial derivation maintained in identical culture conditions that lacked significant instructive or permissive signaling cues were found to display inherent similarities and differences of phenotype. Investigation of transcription factors implicated in driving urothelial-type differentiation revealed buccal epithelial cells to have minimal or absent expression of PPARG, GATA3 and FOXA1 genes. Retroviral overexpression of protein coding sequences for GATA3 or PPARy1 in buccal epithelial cells resulted in nuclear immunolocalisation of the respective proteins, with both transductions also inducing expression of the urothelial differentiation-associated claudin 3 tight junction protein. PPARG1 overexpression alone entrained expression of nuclear FOXA1 and GATA3 proteins, providing objective evidence of its upstream positioning in a transcription factor network and identifying it as a candidate factor for urothelial-type transdifferentiation or reprogramming.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential transcription factor expression by human epithelial cells of buccal and urothelial derivation

Hustler

Eardley

Hinley

et al. 2018

Experimental Cell Research

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“…Research concerning the use of stem cells, amniotic fluid and progenitor cells from urine as well as “printing” 3D scaffolds in vitro is still ongoing [76, 77, 90].…”

Section: Conclusion and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder augmentation in children: current problems and experimental strategies for reconstruction

Langer

Radtke

Györi

et al. 2018

Wien Med Wochenschr

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Bladder augmentation is a demanding surgical procedure and exclusively offered for selected children and has only a small spectrum of indications. Paediatric bladder voiding dysfunction occurs either on a basis of neurological dysfunction caused by congenital neural tube defects or on a basis of rare congenital anatomic malformations. Neurogenic bladder dysfunction often responds well to a combination of specific drugs and/or intermittent self-catheterization. However, selected patients with spinal dysraphism and children with congenital malformations like bladder exstrophy and resulting small bladder capacity might require bladder augmentation. Ileocystoplasty is the preferred method of bladder augmentation to date. Because of the substantial long-and short-term morbidity of augmentation cystoplasty, recent studies have tried to incorporate new techniques and technologies, such as the use of biomaterials to overcome or reduce the adverse effects. In this regard, homografts and allografts have been implemented in bladder augmentation with varying results, but recent studies have shown promising data in terms of proliferation of urothelium and muscle cells by using biological silk grafts.

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“…Synthetic scaffolds contain biodegradable polymers such as polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactide, poly(glycolide-co-lactide) [11], poly(ethylene) glycol [12], polycapronolactone, etc. [7]. These scaffolds have the advantage of being able to be manufactured “off the shelf” with identical characteristics in large quantities but also induce inflammatory responses.…”

Section: Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically, the prospect of tissue engineering therefore yields a promise unmatched by conventional surgical means; however, as we will aim to show in this review, the discrepancy of early pretensions and the clinical results so far have been far from satisfying. As of yet, there is no objective evidence that tissue engineering approaches in urology can achieve equal or superior outcomes compared to traditional therapies [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue engineering in pediatric urology – a critical appraisal

Schäfer

Stehr

2018

Innovative Surgical Sciences

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Tissue engineering is defined as the combination of biomaterials and bioengineering principles together with cell transplantation or directed growth of host cells to develop a biological replacement tissue or organ that can be a substitute for normal tissue both in structure and function. Despite early promising preclinical studies, clinical translation of tissue engineering in pediatric urology into humans has been unsuccessful both for cell-seeded and acellular scaffolds. This can be ascribed to various factors, including the use of only non-diseased models that inaccurately describe the structural and functional modifications of diseased tissue. The paper addresses potential future strategies to overcome the limitations experienced in clinical applications so far. This includes the use of stem cells of various origins (mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, urine-derived stem cells, and progenitor cells of the urothelium) as well as the need for a deeper understanding of signaling pathways and directing tissue ingrowth and differentiation through the concept of dynamic reciprocity. The development of smart scaffolds that release trophic factors in a set and timely manner will probably improve regeneration. Modulation of innate immune response as a major contributor to tissue regeneration outcome is also addressed. It is unlikely that only one of these strategies alone will lead to clinically applicable tissue engineering strategies in pediatric urology. In the meanwhile, the fundamental new insights into regenerative processes already obtained in the attempts of tissue engineering of the lower urogenital tract remain our greatest gain.

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Regenerative Medicine in Urology

Cited by 21 publications

References 115 publications

Differential transcription factor expression by human epithelial cells of buccal and urothelial derivation

Differential transcription factor expression by human epithelial cells of buccal and urothelial derivation

Bladder augmentation in children: current problems and experimental strategies for reconstruction

Tissue engineering in pediatric urology – a critical appraisal

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