Regime-building for REDD+: Evidence from a cluster of local initiatives in south-eastern Peru

Hajek, Frank; Ventresca, Marc J.; Scriven, Joel; Castro, Augusto

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2010.12.007

Cited by 74 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For instance, during the workshops held in 2010, a type of dependency of state actors on international consulting agents and international organizations (especially related to norms setting, but also with regard to leadership in the debate) was clearly noticeable. This was also reported for REDD+ cases in Peru and carbon financing in the forest sector in Uganda (Hajek, Ventresca, Scriven, & Castro, 2011;Peskett, Schreckenberg, & Brown, 2011). This recurring situation illustrates the exact nature of the Conference of the Parties (COP) debates at the UNFCCC since the inception of REDD, which have not fully incorporated the viewpoints of developing countries during various deliberating sessions.…”

Section: Institutions: Redd+ Demonstration Activities Stakes and Lomentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This makes it more attractive to governments of most developing countries for enhancing existing conservation instruments. Clements (2010) has argued that the initiative can lead to long-term conservation outcomes, especially in the tropics, but many uncertainties remain as to how REDD+ will be made operational at the global level (Hajek, Ventresca, Scriven, & Castro, 2011;Kanowski et al, 2011). At the same time, it is clear that both local evidence and models nested in relevant policy frameworks should guide the strategic positioning of local actors ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Institutional dimensions of the developing REDD+ process in Cameroon

Ngendakumana¹,

Minang²,

Feudjio³

et al. 2014

Climate Policy

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The reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+ ) initiative has emerged in recent years as a mechanism to simultaneously address climate change, biodiversity, and poverty reduction challenges at the margins of tropical forests. Congo Basin countries, including Cameroon, have embraced the opportunities that REDD+ provides, with great expectations. Yet, it needs to be investigated whether the enabling institutional environment, which is required for implementing REDD+ , is present. Understanding is still limited on how to build adequate and strong institutional relations that could shape the reforms towards the establishment of efficient emissions reductions schemes. Furthermore, uncertainty remains on the operational mechanisms of REDD+ , suggesting that, to catalyse effectiveness, there is a need to come up with a governance model nested in relevant policy frameworks. This study builds on a modified '4Is' framework -Institutions, Interests, Ideas and Information -to analyse REDD+ and explore stakeholders' perceptions on the local forest governance potential. A structural implementation model to optimize the effectiveness of REDD+ is developed. Findings suggest that governments need to review existing policies to take into account participation, local people rights, and information access as a way to stimulate actors' willingness to contribute to emissions reductions and carbon stock increases under REDD+ regimes. Policy relevanceCurrently, there is no agreed framework for REDD+ in Cameroon, despite the potential role its humid forests could have to mitigate climate change at national and global levels. Furthermore, there are no initiatives that have fully mapped the boundary institutions to be engaged in REDD+ processes at the landscape level, although there is high commitment of various stakeholders to influence policies towards the implementation of the mechanism itself. For example, forestry companies, local communities, and conservation institutions would like to get involved. Findings indicate that there is potential for a cross-sectoral change and provide guidance as to how the uncertainties and risks, which may undermine the effective participation of stakeholders in the REDD+ processes at local and national levels, might be tackled. The schematic model and analytical frameworks suggested should prove very important to bridge various discourses among diverse actors. The end result is anticipated to be a governance structure for CO 2 emissions reductions through changes in land-use practices.

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Section: Institutions: Redd+ Demonstration Activities Stakes and Lomentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional dimensions of the developing REDD+ process in Cameroon

Ngendakumana¹,

Minang²,

Feudjio³

et al. 2014

Climate Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…18. Hajek et al (2011) compare 12 local REDD+ projects in south-eastern Peru, 5 of which were at feasibility and 7 at an early implementation stage at the time of writing. 19.…”

Section: Journal Of Environmental Economics and Policy 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, more recent estimates show that during 2000À2010 deforestation rates experienced an increasing trend, 17 which is predicted to persist in the near future mainly due to cropland expansion in the Andes (Wassenaar et al 2007). Several local projects developing REDD credits are currently in the implementation phase in Peru 18 (Hajek et al 2011;Entenmann and Schmitt 2013).…”

Section: Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline choice and performance implications for REDD

Pana

Gheyssens²

2015

Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy

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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) projects are being designed and implemented across tropical countries, intending to curb the contribution of deforestation to greenhouse gas emissions. An important aspect of REDD implementation is the baseline against which reductions are measured. The baseline estimates the business-as-usual emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. We solve a dynamic model of land conversion from forest to agriculture in the presence of REDD, and assess the performance of four baselines. We show that none of the analysed baselines dominates in all performance aspects, and that the final baseline choice needs to maximise the trade-off between the effectiveness to reduce deforestation, cost-efficiency, and changes in income. The frequently used historical average baseline could be improved by using a forward-looking one, which is shown to better account for the opportunity costs faced by landowners. This result hinges on the ability of the baseline to predict deforestation rates without significant underestimations. We advocate the switch from a single-threshold baseline to a corridor methodology, which would provide continued incentives to reduce deforestation, even during periods of high opportunity costs. We finally show how the selection of certain baseline attributes, such as corridor bandwidth and symmetry, can enhance performance. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) projects are being designed and implemented across tropical countries, intending to curb the contribution of deforestation to greenhouse gas emissions. An important aspect of REDD implementation is the baseline against which reductions are measured. The baseline estimates the business-as-usual emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. We solve a dynamic model of land conversion from forest to agriculture in the presence of REDD, and assess the performance of four baselines. We show that none of the analysed baselines dominates in all performance aspects, and that the final baseline choice needs to maximise the trade-off between the effectiveness to reduce deforestation, cost-efficiency, and changes in income. The frequently used historical average baseline could be improved by using a forward-looking one, which is shown to better account for the opportunity costs faced by landowners. This result hinges on the ability of the baseline to predict deforestation rates without significant underestimations. We advocate the switch from a single-threshold baseline to a corridor methodology, which would provide continued incentives to reduce deforestation, even during periods of high opportunity costs. We finally show how the selection of certain baseline attributes, such as corridor bandwidth and symmetry, can enhance performance.

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“…Inter-community Forestry Associations/Federations: Forest user groups and local government bodies are most effective when they are part of cross-sector partnerships. Such partnerships often work through inter-community forestry associations (FAs), forestry federations, or forest rights movements that are already active in many countries in Asia (Ojha 2009), Africa (Igoe and Croucher 2007;Asare et al 2013), and Latin America (Cronkleton et al 2011;Hajek et al 2011;Bray 2013;García-López 2013).…”

Section: Nested Governance For Effective Redd+: Institutional and Polmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nested governance for effective REDD+: Institutional and political arguments

Kashwan

Holahan

2014

Int J Commons

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Abstract:Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Forest Enhancement (REDD+) has become a central focus of global climate change mitigation efforts. Even though the international demand for forest-based carbon sequestration is the key driver of REDD+, forest protection strategies must be implemented on the ground. This cross-scale nature of REDD+ explains why scholars and policy makers increasingly favor nested governance arrangements over either fully centralized or fully decentralized REDD+ governance. The focus of the literature on nested REDD+ governance has mostly been on monitoring, reporting, and verification of carbon emission reductions across sub-national, national, and international levels. We build on Ostrom's principle of 'nested enterprises' to argue that REDD+ must be designed to systematically and formally link national policy reforms with the organization and execution of sub-national (regional and local) forest conservation efforts led by forest users. We also contribute new insights on the political dimensions of nestedness in REDD+, with important roles for intercommunity forestry associations and forest rights movements.

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Regime-building for REDD+: Evidence from a cluster of local initiatives in south-eastern Peru

Cited by 74 publications

References 24 publications

Institutional dimensions of the developing REDD+ process in Cameroon

Institutional dimensions of the developing REDD+ process in Cameroon

Baseline choice and performance implications for REDD

Nested governance for effective REDD+: Institutional and political arguments

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