Regime-dependent effect of tourism on carbon emissions in the Mediterranean countries

Yıldırım, Seda; Yıldırım, Durmuş Çağrı; Aydın, Kenan; Erdoğan, Fatma Gülru

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14391-7

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Some scholars select tourist arrivals to indicate tourism, such as Gulistan et al (2020) and Paramati et al (2017); some other scholars use tourism revenue to represent tourism, such as Zhang and Zhang (2021) and Anser et al (2020). Also, some scholars consider both indicators, such as Croes et al (2021) and Yıldırım et al (2021). Feeling the possible different effects of different indicators (Zhang, 2022), we introduce both tourism indicators.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, the bidirectional Granger causality between tourism and carbon emissions was confirmed by Eyuboglu and Uzar (2020), Wang and Wang (2018) and Zhang and Zhang (2021). The main difference between the above studies is that, on the one hand, tourism increases CO 2 emissions (Alam and Paramati, 2017;Balli et al, 2019;Bella, 2018); on the other hand, tourism decreases CO 2 emissions (Akadiri et al, 2019;Yıldırım et al, 2021;Lee and Brahmasrene, 2013;Tian et al, 2021). However, Wang and Wang (2018) and UNWTO (2021) suggested that tourism is becoming increasingly carbon-intensive.…”

Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For example, Alam and Paramati (2017) and Balli et al (2019) found that tourism increases carbon emissions. On the contrary, Akadiri et al (2019), Yıldırım et al (2021) and Tian et al (2021) indicated that tourism reduces them. Different conclusions have been found even in the same cases, such as Balli et al (2019) and Yıldırım et al (2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Tourism and regional carbon emissions: city-level evidence from China

Zhang

Zhang²

2022

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Purpose Although extensive studies have examined the link between tourism and carbon emissions, the impact of tourism on carbon emissions remains controversial. In contrast to prior studies, this study aims to investigate the effects of tourism on carbon emissions at the city level and the underlying moderating mechanism. Design/methodology/approach This study designs an econometric model drawing on panel data for 313 city-level regions in China from 2001 to 2019. This study also performs rigorous robustness tests to support the regression results. In addition, the temporal and spatial heterogeneity is analyzed based on which this study discusses the moderators of the effects of tourism on carbon emissions. Findings The results show that both tourist arrivals and tourism revenue significantly impact carbon emissions. Also, there exists a significant temporal and spatial heterogeneity of these effects. Economic development significantly enhances while green technology and tertiary industry development suppress the positive relationship between tourism and carbon emissions. Moreover, regarding the impact on carbon emissions, an explicit substitution exists between tourism and tertiary industry development. Originality/value For the first time, this study quantitatively estimates the moderators of tourism’s impact on carbon emissions and concludes the moderating effects of economic growth, technological progress and industrial structure, thus furthering the theoretical understanding of the heterogeneity of tourism’s association with carbon emissions. The study also fills a technical gap in previous studies by demonstrating the reliability of the findings through various robustness tests. This is also the first empirical study to systematically examine the relationship between tourism and carbon emissions in China.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Tourism and regional carbon emissions: city-level evidence from China

Zhang

Zhang²

2022

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“…Gao and Zhang (2021) validated the tourism-induced EKC hypothesis for southern Mediterranean countries, but failed to support the hypothesis for the northern Mediterranean region [ 37 ]. Yildırım et al (2021) tested the tourism-EKC hypothesis for 15 Mediterranean countries and found that tourist arrivals increased carbon emissions until a certain threshold was reached and then decreased carbon emissions above this level [ 38 ]. Ciarlantini et al (2022) explored the relationship between air pollution and tourism growth in five European countries and failed to validate the tourism-EKC hypothesis for any of the countries [ 27 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effects of Tourism Development on Air Pollution: Evidence from the Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model

Zhang

2022

IJERPH

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Based on the theoretical framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), this study investigates whether tourism development can decrease air pollution. This study applies the panel smooth transition regression approach and panel data for 2005–2019 from 283 prefecture-level cities in China to examine the nonlinear effect of tourism development on PM2.5, emissions. Our results reveal that the effects of tourism on PM2.5, emissions vary according to the modes of tourist arrivals. At the national level, the effect of tourism on PM2.5 emissions exhibits an inverted-U shape. At the regional level, tourism exerts a U-shaped impact on PM2.5 emissions in eastern China, and tourism is nonlinearly negatively associated with PM2.5 emissions in central and western China. An important theoretical contribution of our study is the proposal and validation of the U-shaped tourism-induced EKC hypothesis.

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“…Existing studies more often separate the issues of “carbon emissions from tourism” and “carbon emissions from agriculture.” On the one hand, tourism is not a “zero‐carbon” or “low‐carbon” industry as the traditional concept, and unsustainable tourism can lead to ecological loss and environmental damage (Quevedo et al, 2021). Tourism development is increasingly linked to high growth in carbon emissions (Bojanic & Warnick, 2020; Yiidirim et al, 2021), and it accounts for 8% of global carbon emissions (Lenzen et al, 2018). The construction of transportation, catering, and hospitality facilities for tourism will contribute to a growth in energy consumption and carbon emission levels (Tang & Ge, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the impact of tourism on agricultural carbon emissions‐based on the mediating effect of nonagricultural transfer of labor in China

Zhuang

2023

Natural Resources Forum

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How to control the growth of agricultural carbon emissions while developing tourism has become the primary issue that needs addressing in the development of rural China. This paper explores the impact of tourism on agricultural carbon emissions and further analyses the mediating effect of labor transfer in this relationship. The analysis is evaluated using provincial panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2019 with a sequential regression model. The results show that tourism development increases agricultural carbon emissions, which is more pronounced in areas with advanced economies or higher education levels. Second, labor transfer to nonfarming industries suppresses the increase in agricultural carbon emissions caused by tourism. Finally, (i) the impact of tourism on labor transfer in less developed and less educated regions is limited, and (ii) there is the expectation of large‐scale use of agricultural machinery due to labor transfer in economically developed or highly educated areas. The heterogeneity test shows these two reasons lead to a mediating effect of labor transfer on agricultural carbon emissions in different regions.

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Regime-dependent effect of tourism on carbon emissions in the Mediterranean countries

Cited by 29 publications

References 80 publications

Tourism and regional carbon emissions: city-level evidence from China

Tourism and regional carbon emissions: city-level evidence from China

Exploring the Effects of Tourism Development on Air Pollution: Evidence from the Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model

Analysis of the impact of tourism on agricultural carbon emissions‐based on the mediating effect of nonagricultural transfer of labor in China

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