Regimes of external optical feedback in 5.6 <i>μ</i>m distributed feedback mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers

Jumpertz, Louise; Carras, Mathieu; Schires, Kevin; Grillot, Frédéric

doi:10.1063/1.4897274

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Quantum cascade lasers have been proven to be sensitive to external perturbations such as external optical feedback and injection and to display non-linear phenomena. 7 Depending on the amount of external optical feedback and the length of the external cavity, the QCLs can enter five different non-linear regimes such as coherence collapse followed by restabilization for strong enough feedback ratios, 8 similarly to what has been unveiled more than 30 years ago in the case of distributed feedback laser diodes. 9 In interband lasers, the dynamical properties of the device are governed by several parameters of the lasers such as the carrier-to-photon lifetime, 10 the differential gain of the materials 11 and the linewidth enhancement factor (LEF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Extensive study of the linewidth enhancement factor of a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser at ultra-low temperature

Spitz

Herdt

Duan

et al. 2019

Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XVI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are optical sources exploiting radiative intersubband transitions within the conduction band of semiconductor heterostructures. 1 The opportunity given by the broad span of wavelengths that QCLs can achieve, from mid-infrared to terahertz, leads to a wide number of applications such as absorption spectroscopy, optical countermeasures and free-space communications requiring stable single-mode operation with a narrow linewidth and high output power. 2 One of the parameters of paramount importance for studying the high-speed and nonlinear dynamical properties of QCLs is the linewidth enhancement factor (LEF). The LEF quantifies the coupling between the gain and the refractive index of the QCL or, in a similar manner, the coupling between the phase and the amplitude of the electrical field. 3 Prior work focused on experimental studies of the LEF for pump currents above threshold but without exceeding 12% of the threshold current at 283K 4 and 56% of the threshold current at 82K. 5 In this work, we use the Hakki-Paoli method 6 to retrieve the LEF for current biases below threshold. We complement our findings using the self-mixing interferometry technique 5 to obtain LEFs for current biases up to more than 100% of the threshold current. These insets are meaningful to understand the behavior of QCLs, which exhibit a strongly temperature sensitive chaotic bubble when subject to external optical feedback. 7

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Extensive study of the linewidth enhancement factor of a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser at ultra-low temperature

Spitz

Herdt

Duan

et al. 2019

Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XVI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This kind of in-plane rotation is facilitated due to good arrangement in the lattice parameters of both CeO 2 (a = 0.541 nm) and LNO (a pc = 0.386 nm) which resulted in an in-plane rotation for the top ferroelectric layer too. Recently successful integration of PZT films on glass substrates using 2D nanosheets has been demonstrated (Chopra et al 2015b;Jumpertz et al 2014). The biggest advantage of using nanosheets is reduction in growth temperature.…”

Section: Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Materials, Methods, and Circuits

Priya

Song

Zhou

et al. 2017

Energy Harvesting and Systems

339

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (PiezoMEMS) are attractive for developing next generation self-powered microsystems. PiezoMEMS promises to eliminate the costly assembly for microsensors/microsystems and provide various mechanisms for recharging the batteries, thereby, moving us closer towards batteryless wireless sensors systems and networks. In order to achieve practical implementation of this technology, a fully assembled energy harvester on the order of a quarter size dollar coin (diameter=24.26 mm, thickness=1.75 mm) should be able to generate about 100 μW continuous power from low frequency ambient vibrations (below 100 Hz). This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in microscale piezoelectric energy harvesting, summarizing key metrics such as power density and bandwidth of reported structures at low frequency input. This paper also describes the recent advancements in piezoelectric materials and resonator structures. Epitaxial growth and grain texturing of piezoelectric materials is being developed to achieve much higher energy conversion efficiency. For embedded medical systems, lead-free piezoelectric thin films are being developed and MEMS processes for these new classes of materials are being investigated. Non-linear resonating beams for wide bandwidth resonance are also reviewed as they would enable wide bandwidth and low frequency operation of energy harvesters. Particle/granule spray deposition techniques such as aerosol-deposition (AD) and granule spray in vacuum (GSV) are being matured to realize the meso-scale structures in a rapid manner. Another important element of an energy harvester is a power management circuit, which should maximize the net energy harvested. Towards this objective, it is essential for the power management circuit of a small-scale energy harvester to dissipate minimal power, and thus it requires special circuit design techniques and a simple maximum power point tracking scheme. Overall, the progress made by the research and industrial community has brought the energy harvesting technology closer to the practical applications in near future.

show abstract

“…In previous studies, the analysis of the optical spectra of a distributed feedback (DFB)-QCL under optical feedback allowed mapping the regimes of a QCL under feedback, corresponding alternatively to single-or multimode, stable or unstable operation. 7 The unstable regime was furthermore proven to correspond to a temporal chaos. 8 The amount of feedback necessary to destabilize the QCL varies strongly depending on the laser characteristics, including the active material and its design or dimensions.…”

confidence: 99%

“…7 Furthermore, chaotic emission from a QCL under optical feedback has recently been evidenced. 8 to quantify the optical feedback originating from a mid-IR fiber to know how much a QCL operation will differ between free-space and fibered characterizations.…”

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estimating optical feedback from a chalcogenide fiber in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers

Jumpertz

Caillaud

Gilles³

et al. 2016

AIP Advances

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

International audienceThe amount of optical feedback originating from a chalcogenide fiber used to couple light from a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser is evaluated experimentally. Threshold reduction measurements on the fibered laser, combined with an analytical study of a rate equations model of the laser under optical feedback, allow estimating the feedback strength between 11% and 15% depending on the fiber cleavage quality. While this remains below the frontier of the chaotic regime, it is sufficient to deeply modify the optical spectrum of a quantum cascade laser. Hence for applications such as gas spectroscopy, where the shape of the optical spectrum is of prime importance, the use of mid-infrared optical isolators may be necessary for fibered quantum cascade lasers to be fully exploited. © 2016 Author(s)

show abstract

Regimes of external optical feedback in 5.6 μm distributed feedback mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Extensive study of the linewidth enhancement factor of a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser at ultra-low temperature

Extensive study of the linewidth enhancement factor of a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser at ultra-low temperature

A Review on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Materials, Methods, and Circuits

Estimating optical feedback from a chalcogenide fiber in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About