Trimethylzincate is known to react through conjugate addition to α,β-unsaturated ketones, but adds much faster to α,β-unsaturated esters at low temperatures. Since the intermediate zinc enolate behaves differently from that of dimethylcuprate, it offers scope for application in a partial synthesis of gibberellin A 3 . A second example involving vinylsulfones having an oxygen atom on the γ-carbon strongly directs incoming nucleophiles in conjugate addition mode. Heteroatom-directed conjugate addition (HADCA) provides very reactive carbanion intermediates leading to cyclobutane ring formation, necessary for synthesis of solanoeclepin A. An alternative reaction for the four-membered carbocyclic ring closure was explored to make a bond formation between the propargylic cation of Nicholas type and allyltrimethylsilane nucleophile of Hosomi-Sakurai type. This method allowed a formation of tricyclo[5.2.1.0 1,6 ]decene framework.Scheme 1 Typical conjugate addition to unsaturated ketone followed by aldol reaction.Scheme 2 Mechanisms and intermediates of cuprate and zincate conjugate addition. Scheme 3 Trimethylzincate conjugate addition to unsaturated diester through a different nature in the enolate intermediate from cupper/lithium enolate. Scheme 4 Similar conjugate addition via acidic conditions [9,10]. Scheme 5 Competitive addition between enone 1 and en-diester 5 with trimethylzincate. Scheme 7 Diastereo-switching HADCA via αor β-chelation effects. Scheme 8 Enantio-switching HADCA via epimerization of C-alkynyl precursor. Scheme 10 Cyclobutane formation via epoxide exo-opening by a carbanion from HADCA. Scheme 11 Sulfone carbanion intermediate can open epoxide ring for cyclobutane ring formation.In fact, the [2,3]Wittig rearrangement was implemented in one-pot process after temporarily protecting the terminal acetylenic proton by trimethylsilyl group under the deprotonation conditions of the propargylic proton. This rearrangement of 58 is highly stereoselective to give a single isomer 57. Once
M. ISOBEScheme 15 Stereochemical course of HADCA includes trans-addition from the chelation face, and the a-sulfonyl carbanion reverts back to the chelation face.
Scheme 16Retrosynthesis of solanoeclepin A right segment tricyclo[5.2.1.0 1,6 ]decene framework under acidic condition. Scheme 17 Synthesis of solanoeclepin A right segment tricyclo[5.2.1.0 1,6 ]decene framework.