Region specific enhancement of quantum dot emission using interleaved two-dimensional photonic crystals

Abstract

The power efficiency, spectral characteristics, and output directionality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) used for lighting and video display may be tailored by integrating nanostructures that interact with photon emitters. In this work, we demonstrate an approach in which visible-wavelength-emitting quantum dots (QDs) are integrated within a polymer-based photonic crystal (PC) and excited by an ultraviolet-emitting LED. The PC design incorporates two interleaved regions, each with distinct periods in orthogonal directions. The structure enables simultaneous resonant coupling of ultraviolet excitation photons to the QDs and visible QD emission at two different wavelengths to efficiently extract photons normal to the PC surface. The combined excitation and extraction enhancements result in a 5.8X increase in the QD output intensity. Further, we demonstrate multiple QD-doped PCs combined on a single surface to optimally couple with distinct populations of QDs, offering a means for blending color output and directionality of multiple wavelengths. Devices are fabricated upon flexible plastic surfaces by a manufacturable replica molding approach.

Quantum dot emission modulation using piezoelectric photonic crystal MEMS resonators

“…One method for controlling and enhancing QD emission is to incorporate them into nanostructures, such as nanopillars [14], plasmonic surfaces [15], gratings [16], and photonic crystals (PCs) [17][18][19]. PCs are dielectric nanostructures with periodic variation in their refractive index that can be designed to function as optical resonators at specific wavelengths, with the ability to couple energy into QDs at their excitation wavelength [18,19] and to channel QD emission in specific desired directions from the PC surface [20,21]. PC-enhanced excitation and extraction have been utilized for applications that include biosensing [22] and lighting [5], where increased brightness from photon emitters can be used to reduce limits of detection and to increase signal-to-noise ratios.…”

Recent Advances in Biosensing With Photonic Crystal Surfaces: A Review

“…The “PC enhanced extraction” effect operates independently of the PC enhanced excitation effect, and thus their contributions multiply, resulting in the ability to achieve overall PC enhanced fluorescence [65–67] (PCEF) effects as high as 7500× [17, 68, 69]. PCEF has been applied to boost the signal-to-noise ratio for fluorescent dye molecules [65, 70–72], quantum dots [65, 67], and Raman scattering [73–75] for applications in biosensing and high efficiency lighting [76, 77]. Within the field of biosensors, PCEF has been used to reduce the limits of detection for gene expression microarrays [30, 71], detection of cancer biomarkers in serum [16, 21, 39], and low-concentration transcription factors expressed by plant cells [43].…”

Fotonik Kristal Levhalı Biyosensörler ve Uygulamaları

“…Heightened irritation will take place by localizing emitters inside the part with a raised electric field magnitude at their innervation wavelength. For the directed modes will match in and out of the PC under phase checking circumstances for particular combining of wavelength and incident angle, it is likely to gather electromagnetic wave at the outcoupling angle further expeditiously, and hence supplying a heightened eradication physical, chemical and biologic device [2]. To summarize, while the PC is enlightened with a wideband wave source, catching diffraction modes match electromagnetic radiation into and out of structure having high dielectric constant, disruptively interfering with the carried light.…”

“…The electromagnetic wave that is produced at the PC surface during resonant light matching prohibits sidelong spread [3]. Accordingly, there are many applications such as display of primitive cells [2], cancer cell metastasis, biofilm and gene identification [4], biomolecular detection [5], DNA microarrays, and pharmaceutical drug screening [6][7][8]. These structures including cavities can be also used as label-free PC biosensors (kinetic imaging of cellsurface interactions) [9], immobilized protein targets [10].…”

“…Generally, label-free biosensing with optics depends on observing exchanges in a particular parametric quantity such as absorption, reflection, index of refraction. TiO 2 has been generally applied for another practice such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [13], single nanoparticle detection [14], visible wavelength emitting quantum dots [2], screening of immobilized protein enzyms [3] and atomic layer deposition [10] and electrochemical biodetector applications [11]. However, TiO 2 has wide photonic band range and optic assimilation stage is ten times less than that of the silicon at optic communicating wavelength (1.5 μm), it can restrain more easily to the led resonance modes.…”