Regional and stock-specific differences in contemporary growth of Baltic cod revealed through tag-recapture data

McQueen, Kate; Casini, Michèle; Dolk, Bodo; Haase, Stefanie; Hemmer‐Hansen, Jakob; Hilvarsson, Annelie; Hüssy, Karin; Mion, Monica; Mohr, Thomas; Radtke, Krzysztof; Schade, Franziska; Schulz, Norbert; Krumme, Uwe

doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsaa104

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The results are in accordance with our previous studies using the RT-qPCR method and transcriptome sequencing [13,14,32]. All individuals used in this study have also been measured in length and weight and showed statistically significant differences between the WBC and EBC subpopulations (Figure 3), which is consistent with previous studies [54]. These results showed a poor condition of the EBC, which may cause difficulties in recovery of the stock [55].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Diverse Transcriptome Responses to Salinity Change in Atlantic Cod Subpopulations

Małachowicz,

Krasnov,

Wenne

2023

Cells

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Adaptation to environmental variation caused by global climate change is a significant aspect of fisheries management and ecology. A reduction in ocean salinity is visible in near-shore areas, especially in the Baltic Sea, where it is affecting the Atlantic cod population. Cod is one of the most significant teleost species, with high ecological and economical value worldwide. The population of cod in the Baltic Sea has been traditionally divided into two subpopulations (western and eastern) existing in higher- and lower-salinity waters, respectively. In recent decades, both Baltic cod subpopulations have declined massively. One of the reasons for the poor condition of cod in the Baltic Sea is environmental factors, including salinity. Thus, in this study, an oligonucleotide microarray was applied to explore differences between Baltic cod subpopulations in response to salinity fluctuations. For this purpose, an exposure experiment was conducted consisting of salinity elevation and reduction, and gene expression was measured in gill tissue. We found 400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the immune response, metabolism, programmed cell death, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix that showed a subpopulation-dependent pattern. These findings indicate that osmoregulation in Baltic cod is a complex process, and that western and eastern Baltic cod subpopulations respond differently to salinity changes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Diverse Transcriptome Responses to Salinity Change in Atlantic Cod Subpopulations

Małachowicz,

Krasnov,

Wenne

2023

Cells

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“…Among the elements regulated by physiological processes, P varies consistently over the seasons in both validation samples with minima co-occurring with otolith zones without visible daily increments in DECODE otoliths or, in the case of the TABACOD otoliths, in late winter/early spring. The amplitude in P is considerably larger in western compared to eastern Baltic cod corresponding to known stock-specific differences in growth rate (Bagge et al, 1994;McQueen et al, 2020) and experienced temperature amplitude, apparently with a smaller variation around the mean values in the western Baltic cod. Throughout the Baltic Sea, phosphate concentrations are low from April to September, presumably owing to a combination of increased primary production (Wulff and Rahm, 1988) coupled with a precipitation-related increase in P loading during fall/winter (Rolff et al, 2008) and recycling in the sediments in hypoxic areas ( ViktorssonPage 18 of 57 Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (Author's Accepted Manuscript) et al, 2013).…”

Section: Seasonality In Element Patternsmentioning

confidence: 96%

It’s elemental, my dear Watson: validating seasonal patterns in otolith chemical chronologies

Hüssy

Krüger‐Johnsen

Thomsen

et al. 2021

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Accurate age data is essential for reliable fish stock assessment. Yet many stocks suffer from inconsistencies in age interpretation. A new approach to obtain age makes use of the chemical composition of otoliths. This study validates the periodicity of recurrent patterns in 25Mg, 31P, 34K, 55Mn, 63Cu, 64Zn, 66Zn, 85Rb, 88Sr, 138Ba, and 208Pb in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths from tag-recapture and known-age samples. Otolith P concentrations showed the highest consistency in seasonality over the years, with minima co-occurring with otolith winter zones in the known-age otoliths and in late winter/early spring when water temperatures are coldest in tagged cod . The timing of minima differs between stocks, occurring around February in western Baltic cod and one month later in eastern Baltic cod; seasonal maxima are also stock-specific, occurring in August and October, respectively. The amplitude in P is larger in faster-growing western compared to eastern Baltic cod. Seasonal patterns with minima in winter/late spring were also evident in Mg and Mn, but less consistent over time and fish size than P. Chronological patterns in P, and to a lesser extent Mg and Mn, may have the potential to supplement traditional age estimation or to guide the visual identification of translucent and opaque otolith patterns used in traditional age estimation

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“…The cod stocks also differ in several other parameters, e.g. the WBC stock has a lower stock size [ 11 ] but cod in the western Baltic Sea have a higher growth rate and reach larger sizes [ 12 , 13 ], their livers are less infested with anisakid larvae [ 14 ] and they have more easily readable otoliths [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living apart together: Long-term coexistence of Baltic cod stocks associated with depth-specific habitat use

Schade¹,

Weist²,

Dierking

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Coexistence of fish populations (= stocks) of the same species is a common phenomenon. In the Baltic Sea, two genetically divergent stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Western Baltic cod (WBC) and Eastern Baltic cod (EBC), coexist in the Arkona Sea. Although the relative proportions of WBC and EBC in this area are considered in the current stock assessments, the mixing dynamics and ecological mechanisms underlying coexistence are not well understood. In this study, a genetically validated otolith shape analysis was used to develop the most comprehensive time series of annual stock mixing data (1977–2019) for WBC and EBC. Spatio-temporal mixing analysis confirmed that the two stocks coexist in the Arkona Sea, albeit with fluctuating mixing proportions over the 43-year observation period. Depth-stratified analysis revealed a strong correlation between capture depth and stock mixing patterns, with high proportions of WBC in shallower waters (48–61% in <20m) and increasing proportions of EBC in deeper waters (50–86% in 40-70m). Consistent depth-specific mixing patterns indicate stable differences in depth distribution and habitat use of WBC and EBC that may thus underlie the long-term coexistence of the two stocks in the Arkona Sea. These differences were also reflected in significantly different proportions of WBC and EBC in fisheries applying passive gears in shallower waters (more WBC) and active gears in deeper waters (more EBC). This highlights the potential for fishing gear-specific exploitation of different stocks, and calls for stronger consideration of capture depth and gear type in stock assessments. This novel evidence provides the basis for improved approaches to research, monitoring and management of Baltic cod stocks.

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Regional and stock-specific differences in contemporary growth of Baltic cod revealed through tag-recapture data

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

Diverse Transcriptome Responses to Salinity Change in Atlantic Cod Subpopulations

Diverse Transcriptome Responses to Salinity Change in Atlantic Cod Subpopulations

It’s elemental, my dear Watson: validating seasonal patterns in otolith chemical chronologies

Living apart together: Long-term coexistence of Baltic cod stocks associated with depth-specific habitat use

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