Regional cerebral blood flow in essential hypertension: data evaluation by a mapping system.

Rodriguez, Guido; Arvigo, F; Marenco, Stefano; Nobili, Flavio; Romano, P.; Sandini, Giulio; Rosadini, G

doi:10.1161/01.str.18.1.13

Cited by 73 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This suggests that perforating arteries are not sufficiently supplied with nutritional elements or oxygen, which can only be obtained from the arterial lumen. It was previously confirmed that regional cerebral flow decreased in stroke-prone SHR (24), as well as in humans, with the development of hypertension (13). Our results, obtained through stroke-prone SHR and stroke victims, suggest that deficiency of nutrients and oxygen may be the cause of the medial necrosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Immunocytochemical study of cerebral perforating arteries in patients with cerebral infarctions.

Tagami

Tsukada

Kubota

et al. 1993

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Immunocytochemical study of cerebral perforating arteries in patients with cerebral infarctions.

Tagami

Tsukada

Kubota

et al. 1993

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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“…12 However, the xenon-133 inhalation method reveals a significant inverse relation between MABP and mean hemispheric CBF. 3 Hypertension has been shown to be an important risk factor for reduced CBF among neurologically normal volunteers 10 and among patients with transient ischemic attacks. 11 An autopsy study in Hisayama, Japan, 12 has shown that cerebral atherosclerosis occurs 20-30 years earlier in hypertensive than in normotensive patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 -2 Using the xenon-133 inhalation method, Rodriguez et al 3 recently demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and mean hemispheric CBF. Structural adaptation of the vascular wall to longstanding hypertension, such as hypertrophy of smooth muscle and proliferation of connective tissue, 4 -5 may play an important role in reducing CBF by encroaching on the arterial lumen.…”

Section: Erebral Blood Flow (Cbf) In Hypertensivementioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in normotensive and hypertensive patients with transient neurologic deficits.

Fujii

Sadoshima

Okada

et al. 1990

Stroke

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We used positron emission tomography to examine retrospectively the effects of blood pressure on regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in seven normotensive and eight hypertensive patients with a history of transient neurologic deficits. In the hypertensive patients, a decrease in regional cerebral blood flow was closely related to blood pressure; these changes were most pronounced in the supratentorial structures, especially the striatum and thalamus. In contrast, the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen was less related to blood pressure. Consequently, the regional oxygen extraction fraction was increased in the hypertensive patients, while regional cerebral blood volume and the regional cerebral blood flow: volume ratio were unchanged. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that hypertension was an independent factor affecting regional cerebral blood flow. The analysis also disclosed that age, sex, hematocrit, smoking, and Paco 2 affected regional cerebral blood flow. These findings suggest that the hemodynamic reserve in hypertensive individuals is reduced, which may predispose them to cerebral ischemia and perhaps stroke, even during small decreases in cerebral perfusion pressure. (Stroke 1990^1:283-290)

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“…A significant inverse correlation between CBF and MAP has also been reported in hypertensive patients. For example, CBF measured by 133Xe inhalation technique was higher in hypertensive patients who were receiving antihypertensive agents than in those with newly diagnosed, non-treated hypertension (14). The appopriate treatment of hypertension, the longer the better, may therefore possibly improve cerebral hypoperfusion in hypertensive patients.…”

Section: Cerebral Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Function in Hypertension.

et al. 1995

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In mild hypertensive patients, regional cerebral blood flow, measured by positron emission tomography, was reduced in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia compared with normotensive patients. In moderate to severe hypertensive patients, cerebral oxygen metabolism was diminished, although the patients were neurologically intact. In elderly hypertensives, white matter vascular lesions on brain imaging were more frequent and cognitive function was impaired, compared with age-matched normotensives.In nontreated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), local cerebral blood flow was decreased in the cortex and thalamus, compared with normotensive rats (NTR). Spatial memory and learning in maze tests were more impaired in aged SHR than in old NTR or young SHR. This inpairment was related to decreased cerebral glucose utilization in the medial septal nucleus, hippocampus, and other regions of the brain. Reduced cerebral blood flow, increased media thickness of the cerebral arteries and impaired cognitive function in SHR were improved by long-term antihypertensive treatment. In humans as well as animals, long-standing hypertension per se leads to reductions in cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and cognitive function, each of which possibly may be improved by controlling hypertension with long-term antihypertensive treatment. (Hypertens Res 1995; 18: 111-117) Key Words: cerebral blood flow, brain metabolism, cognitive function, brain morphology, antihypertensive treatmentHypertension is recognized as one of the major risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases, which are more common in Japanese or Orientals than in Caucasians (1, 2, 3). Cerebral hemodynamics, metabolism and function in hypertension before the development of cerebrovascular disease, however, are not fully understood in humans or in animals. In this communication, we contrast cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen metabolism, measured by positron emission tomography in hypertensive patients, with those in normotensive patients. We also report on cognitive function tested by neuropsychological examinations and brain morphology studied by brain imaging in elderly hypertensives and normotensives. In addition, cerebral circulation and metabolism, and memory function were examined in young and old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and compared with normotensive rats. Finally, we discuss the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment on the brain circulation, vascular morphology and cognitive function in SHR.Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Hypertension 1. Mild Hypertension Regional CBF and oxygen metabolism were measured using positron emission tomography (PET) in seven normotensive and eight mild hypertensive patients with mean arterial pressure (MAP) ranging from 81-130 mmHg (4). There were significant negative correlations between MAP and CBF in the cortex and the thalamus, indicating that CBF decreases with a rise in blood pressure (Fig. 1). These findings are inconsistent with previous evidence that hypertension per se did not change the CBF and ...

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Regional cerebral blood flow in essential hypertension: data evaluation by a mapping system.

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

Immunocytochemical study of cerebral perforating arteries in patients with cerebral infarctions.

Immunocytochemical study of cerebral perforating arteries in patients with cerebral infarctions.

Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in normotensive and hypertensive patients with transient neurologic deficits.

Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Function in Hypertension.

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