Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Measured with Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Sierra-Marcos, Alba

doi:10.1155/2017/5479597

Cited by 42 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…14,15 Using ASL, many studies have consistently shown statistically significant hypoperfusion involving the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) and precuneus (PC), among many regions studied in MCI-AD. 10,11,13 Only a few studies have correlated quantitative CBF with neuropsychology in AD and MCI. 16 No consistent correlation has been established between CBF and gray matter volume changes in the corresponding regions in patients with AD and MCI in the existing literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Posterior Cingulate and Precuneus and the Entorhinal Cortical Atrophy Score Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Due to Alzheimer Disease

Raghavan

Kannath

Sarma

et al. 2019

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alzheimer disease is the most common degenerative dementia affecting humans and mild cognitive impairment is considered the forerunner of this devastating illness with variable progression. Differentiating between them has become all the more essential with the advent of disease-modifying medications. The aim of this study was to test the utility of the entorhinal cortical atrophy score in combination with quantitative CBF in the posterior cingulate and precuneus using arterial spin-labeling to differentiate mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed MR imaging from a prospective data base of 3 age-matched groups: 21 cognitively healthy controls, 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 19 patients with early Alzheimer disease. The highest entorhinal cortical atrophy score and an atlas-based measurement of CBF in the posterior cingulate and precuneus were estimated in these groups. Statistical comparison was performed among the groups for disease-prediction probability with these parameters independently and in combination using a binary logistic regression model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Posterior Cingulate and Precuneus and the Entorhinal Cortical Atrophy Score Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Due to Alzheimer Disease

Raghavan

Kannath

Sarma

et al. 2019

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Hypoperfusion in the PCC has been reported consistently in all stages of AD (i.e., pre‐MCI, MCI, and fully developed AD) (Sierra‐Marcos, ). The certainty of regional functionality using arterial spin labeling studies on MCI and AD also depict similar regions of perfusion changes, particularly hypoperfusion in the PCC region (Sierra‐Marcos, ). Investigation on functional connectivity within the DMN found a reduction in early AD, affecting particularly the connection between the PCC and the HP (Greicius, Srivastava, Reiss, & Menon, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinically, normal older individuals (mean age 73.1 ± 7.8 years) with high levels of amyloid deposition in the PCC showed a negative correlation with functional connectivity ). Hypoperfusion in the PCC has been reported consistently in all stages of AD (i.e., pre-MCI, MCI, and fully developed AD) (Sierra-Marcos, 2017). The certainty of regional functionality using arterial spin labeling studies on MCI and AD also depict similar regions of perfusion changes, particularly hypoperfusion in the PCC region (Sierra-Marcos, 2017).…”

Section: Hypo-functionality Of the Cingulate Region With Progressivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitation of in vivo brain glutathione conformers in cingulate cortex among age‐matched control, MCI, and AD patients using MEGA‐PRESS

Shukla

Mandal

Tripathi

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glutathione (GSH) mitigates this effect by maintaining redox‐imbalance and free‐radical neutralization. Quantified brain GSH concentration provides distinct information about OS among age‐matched normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. We report alterations of in vivo GSH conformers, along with the choline, creatine, and N‐acetylaspartate levels in the cingulate cortex (CC) containing anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) regions of 64 (27 NC, 19 MCI, and 18 AD) participants using MEscher–GArwood‐Point‐RESolved spectroscopy sequence. Result indicated, tissue corrected GSH depletion in PCC among MCI (p = .001) and AD (p = .028) and in ACC among MCI (p = .194) and AD (p = .025) as compared to NC. Effects of the group, region, and group × region on GSH with age and gender as covariates were analyzed using a generalized linear model with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. A significant effect of group with GSH depletion in AD and MCI was observed as compared to NC. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis of GSH level in CC differentiated between MCI and NC groups with an accuracy of 82.8% and 73.5% between AD and NC groups. Multivariate ROC analysis for the combined effect of the GSH alteration in both ACC and PCC regions provided improved diagnostic accuracy of 86.6% for NC to MCI conversion and 76.4% for NC to AD conversion. We conclude that only closed GSH conformer depletion in the ACC and PCC regions is critical and constitute a potential biomarker for AD.

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“…It exhibits multimodal imaging alterations in the prodromal stages of AD, such as the loss of precuneal gray matter volume [16, 19], decreased perfusion detected by continuous arterial spin labeling [20], and lower metabolic activity as shown by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET studies [21]. Furthermore, the precuneus gained research attention by functional imaging studies as a cortical connectivity hub region within the large-scale brain networks associated with higher-order cognitive processes, particularly as an important component of the most investigated default mode network (DMN).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Precuneus – A Witness for Excessive Aβ Gathering in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology

et al. 2018

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Evidence of cortical beta-amyloid (Aβ) load, assessed by Aβ positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET), is an established in vivo biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related pathophysiology. Qualitative assessment of Aβ-PET provides binary information; meanwhile semiquantitative approaches require a parcellation of PET image either manually or by placement of atlas-based volumes of interest. We supposed that a whole-brain approach with voxel-by-voxel standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) parametric images may better elucidate the spatial trajectories of Aβ burden along the continuum of AD. Methods: We recruited 32 subjects with a diagnosis of probable AD dementia (ADD, n = 20) and mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD, n = 12) according to the NIA-AA 2011 criteria. We also enrolled a control group of 6 cognitively healthy individuals (HCs) with preserved cognitive functions and negative Aβ-PET scan. The PET images were spatially normalized using the AV45 PET template in the MNI brain space. Subsequently, parametric SUVr images were calculated using the whole cerebellum as a reference region. A voxel-wise analysis of covariance was used to compare (between groups) the Αβ distribution pattern considering age as a nuisance covariate. Results: Both ADD and MCI-AD subjects showed a widespread increase in radiotracer uptake when compared with HC participants (p < 0.001, uncorrected). After applying a multiple comparison correction (p < 0.05, corrected), a relative large cluster of increased [¹⁸F]-florbetapir uptake was observed in the precuneus in the ADD and MCI-AD groups compared to HCs. Voxel-wise regression analysis showed a significant positive linear association between the voxel-wise SUVr values and the disease duration. Conclusions: The voxel-wise semiquantitative analysis shows that the precuneus is a region with higher vulnerability to Aβ depositions when compared to other cortical regions in both MCI-AD and ADD subjects. We think that the precuneus is a promising PET-based outcome measure for clinical trials of drugs targeting brain Aβ. We found a positive association between the overall Aβ-PET SUVr and the disease duration suggesting that the region-specific slow saturation of Aβ deposition continuously takes place as the disease progresses.

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Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Measured with Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 42 publications

References 66 publications

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Posterior Cingulate and Precuneus and the Entorhinal Cortical Atrophy Score Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Due to Alzheimer Disease

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Posterior Cingulate and Precuneus and the Entorhinal Cortical Atrophy Score Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Due to Alzheimer Disease

Quantitation of in vivo brain glutathione conformers in cingulate cortex among age‐matched control, MCI, and AD patients using MEGA‐PRESS

The Precuneus – A Witness for Excessive Aβ Gathering in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology

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