Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the Pliocene epoch

Ravelo, Ana Christina; Andreasen, Dyke; Lyle, Mitchell W; Lyle, Annette Olivarez; Wara, Michael

doi:10.1038/nature02567

Cited by 594 publications

(515 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Upwelling has not been a stable phenomenon, but has waxed and waned following changes in the world's climate throughout the ages. Periods of global cooling with associated high upwelling intensities were alternated by extended periods of global warming (Zachos et al, 2001) during which upwelling areas (Schmittner, 2005;Fedorov et al, 2013;Ravelo et al, 2004) and related productivity (Diester-Haass et al, 2002;Marlow et al, 2000;Piela et al, 2012;Suto et al, 2012) were reduced. Hence, hypothetically, global warming may have resulted in fragmentation of the habitat of filter feeders, leading to different subpopulations eventually residing in smaller isolated regions, which may have facilitated speciation as suggested for the common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and Antarctic minke whale (B. bonaerensis) (Pastene et al, 2007).…”

Section: Mechanisms and Drivers Of Mobulid Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

Poortvliet

Olsen

Croll

et al. 2015

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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a b s t r a c tManta and devil rays are an iconic group of globally distributed pelagic filter feeders, yet their evolutionary history remains enigmatic. We employed next generation sequencing of mitogenomes for nine of the 11 recognized species and two outgroups; as well as additional Sanger sequencing of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes in an extended taxon sampling set. Analysis of the mitogenome coding regions in a Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian framework provided a well-resolved phylogeny. The deepest divergences distinguished three clades with high support, one containing Manta birostris, Manta alfredi, Mobula tarapacana, Mobula japanica and Mobula mobular; one containing Mobula kuhlii, Mobula eregoodootenkee and Mobula thurstoni; and one containing Mobula munkiana, Mobula hypostoma and Mobula rochebrunei. Mobula remains paraphyletic with the inclusion of Manta, a result that is in agreement with previous studies based on molecular and morphological data. A fossil-calibrated Bayesian random local clock analysis suggests that mobulids diverged from Rhinoptera around 30 Mya. Subsequent divergences are characterized by long internodes followed by short bursts of speciation extending from an initial episode of divergence in the Early and Middle Miocene (19-17 Mya) to a second episode during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.6 Mya -recent). Estimates of divergence dates overlap significantly with periods of global warming, during which upwelling intensity -and related high primary productivity in upwelling regions -decreased markedly. These periods are hypothesized to have led to fragmentation and isolation of feeding regions leading to possible regional extinctions, as well as the promotion of allopatric speciation. The closely shared evolutionary history of mobulids in combination with ongoing threats from fisheries and climate change effects on upwelling and food supply, reinforces the case for greater protection of this charismatic family of pelagic filter feeders.

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Section: Mechanisms and Drivers Of Mobulid Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

Poortvliet

Olsen

Croll

et al. 2015

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Associated vegetation shifts, leading to spatial fragmentation of populations, would have favoured the fixation of chromosomal rearrangements (Wang and Lan, 2000;Rieseberg, 2001;Veyrunes et al, 2005). Major steps in the evolution of Fukomys appear to coincide with shifts to more arid, open habitat conditions near 2.7-2.5, 1.9-1.7, and 0.95-0.7 Mya with alternating climatic shifts that lead to humid conditions and habitat fragmentation (see, respectively, Haug and Tiedemann, 1998;Ravelo et al, 2004;Berger and Jansen, 1994). The chronogram (Fig.…”

Section: Biogeographical and Temporal Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome b sequence analysis reveals differential molecular evolution in African mole-rats of the chromosomally hyperdiverse genus Fukomys (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) from the Zambezian region

Daele

Verheyen

Brunain

et al. 2007

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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African mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) of the (eu)social genus Fukomys are one of the most speciose mammal genera endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. Fukomys distributed in the Zambezian phytochorion is characterized by extreme chromosomal variation (2n = 40-78). We inferred a molecular phylogeny of Zambezian Fukomys to resolve the interrelationships and the evolutionary history of the known chromosomal races. We sequenced the entire cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) for a total of 66 specimens representing 18 karyotypical races from Zambia. An additional 31 sequences were retrieved from GenBank including data on all other chromosomal races. The haplotypes belonging to a small chromosomal race from Salujinga cluster with the Fukomys mechowii (Giant mole-rat) haplotypes. Differential degrees of chromosomal variation are observed among the major mole-rat clades, which is most pertinent when comparing the central Zambezian Fukomys micklemi and the northern Zambezian Fukomys whytei clades. The karyotypically hyper-diverse (12 known chromosomal races) Fukomys micklemi clade shows low levels of cytochrome b sequence divergence. Within the F. whytei clade we find a more conservative pattern of chromosomal diversification (three known chromosomal races) while the levels of sequence divergence are much higher then in the F. micklemi clade. Our results suggest that chromosomal changes may drive phyletic divergence and, eventually, speciation. The observed cladogenetic events during the Plio-Pleistocene within the F. mechowii, F. whytei, F. damarensis and F. micklemi clades appear to coincide with climatically mediated speciation bursts in other savannah dwelling mammals, including hominids. Based on the molecular data presented, combined with morphological and chromosomal data, the taxonomic implication seems to be that Fukomys may contain several (undescribed) cryptic species.

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“…2). Ravelo et al, 2004;Hodell and Venz-Curtis, 2006;Sarnthein et al, 2009;Etourneau et al, 2010;Lawrence et al, 2010Lawrence et al, , 2013Lisiecki, 2014). It is the aim of this study to reconstruct the distribution and mixing of water masses in the northern northeast Atlantic in an attempt to reconstruct the evolution of the deep return overflow limb of the AMOC during the Pliocene-Pleistocene climate transitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A major change in North Atlantic deep water circulation 1.6 million years ago

Khélifi

2014

Clim. Past

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Abstract. The global ocean-climate system has been highly sensitive to the formation and advection of deep overflow water from the Nordic Seas as integral part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) but its evolution over the Pliocene-Pleistocene global cooling is not fully understood. In particular, changes in the sources and mixing of prevailing deep waters that were involved in driving overturning throughout the Pliocene-Pleistocene climate transitions are not well constrained. Here we investigate the evolution of a substantial deep southward return overflow of the AMOC over the last 4 million years. We present new records of the bottom-water radiogenic neodymium isotope (ε Nd ) variability obtained from three sediment cores (DSDP site 610 and ODP sites 980/981 and 900) at water depths between 2170 and 5050 m in the northeast Atlantic. We find that prior to the onset of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG) ∼ 3 million years ago (Ma), ε Nd values primarily oscillated between −9 and −11 at all sites, consistent with enhanced vertical mixing and weak stratification of the water masses during the warmer-than-today Pliocene period. From 2.7 Ma to ∼ 2.0 Ma, the ε Nd signatures of the water masses gradually became more distinct, which documents a significant advection of Nordic Seas overflow deep water coincident with the intensification of NHG. Most markedly, however, at ∼ 1.6 Ma the interglacial ε Nd signatures at sites 610 (2420 m water depth (w.d.)) and 980/981 (2170 m w.d.) synchronously and permanently shifted by 2 to 3 ε Nd units to less radiogenic values, respectively. Since then the difference between glacial and interglacial ε Nd values has been similar to the Late Quaternary at each site. A decrease of ∼ 2 ε Nd units at 1.6 Ma was also recorded for the deepest water masses by site 900 (∼ 5 050 m w.d.), which thereafter, however, evolved to more radiogenic values again until the present. This major ε Nd change across the 1.6 Ma transition reflects a significant reorganization of the overturning circulation in the northeast Atlantic paving the way for the more stratified water column with distinct water masses prevailing thereafter.

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Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the Pliocene epoch

Cited by 594 publications

References 37 publications

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

Cytochrome b sequence analysis reveals differential molecular evolution in African mole-rats of the chromosomally hyperdiverse genus Fukomys (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) from the Zambezian region

A major change in North Atlantic deep water circulation 1.6 million years ago

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