Regional CO<sub>2</sub> Inversion Through Ensemble‐Based Simultaneous State and Parameter Estimation: TRACE Framework and Controlled Experiments

Chen, Hans W.; Zhang, Fuqing; Lauvaux, Thomas; Scholze, Marko; Davis, Kenneth J.; Alley, Richard B.

doi:10.1029/2022ms003208

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 60 publications

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“…Although current observing gaps are found to be a major limitation, there may be approaches to better regularize the inverse problem and reduce the impact of these gaps. In particular, applying off‐diagonal co‐variances in the prior error covariance matrix could be employed to adjust fluxes where observations are missing (Chen et al., 2023). Applying spatial co‐variances will likely be especially important for in situ inversions, while applying temporal co‐variances may be most useful for OCO‐2

{\mathrm{X}}_{\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}

inversions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Inversion Shows Promise in Capturing Extreme‐Event‐Driven CO₂ Flux Anomalies but Is Limited by Atmospheric CO₂ Observational Coverage

Byrne,

Liu,

Bowman

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, with poorly understood implications for carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems. A better understanding will critically depend on accurate and precise quantification of ecosystems responses to these events. Taking the 2019 US Midwest floods as a case study, we investigate current capabilities for tracking regional flux anomalies with “top‐down” inversion analyses that assimilate atmospheric CO2 observations. For this analysis, we develop a regionally nested version of the NASA Carbon Monitoring System‐Flux system for North America (CMS‐Flux‐NA) that allows high resolution atmospheric transport (0.5° × 0.625°). Relative to a 2018 baseline, we find the 2019 US Midwest growing season net carbon uptake is reduced by 11–57 TgC (3%–16%, range across assimilated CO2 data sets). These estimates are found to be consistent with independent “bottom‐up” estimates of carbon uptake based on vegetation remote sensing (15–78 TgC). We then investigate current limitations in tracking regional carbon budgets using “top‐down” methods. In a set of observing system simulation experiments, we show that the ability of atmospheric CO2 inversions to capture regional carbon flux anomalies is still limited by observational coverage gaps for both in situ and satellite observations. Future space‐based missions that allow for daily observational coverage across North America would largely mitigate these observational gaps, allowing for improved top‐down estimates of ecosystem responses to extreme climate events.

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{\mathrm{X}}_{\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}

inversions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Inversion Shows Promise in Capturing Extreme‐Event‐Driven CO₂ Flux Anomalies but Is Limited by Atmospheric CO₂ Observational Coverage

Byrne,

Liu,

Bowman

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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CO₂ Emissions Estimate From Mexico City Using Ground‐ and Space‐Based Remote Sensing

Che,

Lauvaux,

Taquet

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) stands as one of the most densely populated urban regions globally. To quantify the urban emissions in the MCMA, we independently assimilated observations from a dense column‐integrated Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) network and OCO‐3 Snapshot Area Map observations between October 2020 and May 2021. Applying a computationally efficient analytical Bayesian inversion technique, we inverted for surface fluxes at high spatio‐temporal resolutions (1‐km and 1‐hr). The fossil fuel (FF) emission estimates of 5.08 and 6.77 Gg/hr reported by the global and local emission inventories were optimized to 4.85 and 5.51 Gg/hr based on FTIR observations over this 7 month period, highlighting a convergence of posterior estimates. The modeled biogenic flux estimate of −0.14 Gg/hr was improved to −0.33 to −0.27 Gg/hr, respectively. It is worth noting that utilizing observations from three primary sites significantly enhanced the accuracy of estimates (13.6 29.2%) around the other four. Using FTIR posterior estimates can improve simulation with the OCO‐3 data set. OCO‐3 shows a similar decreasing trend in FF emissions (from 6.37 Gg/hr to 6.36 and 5.04 Gg/hr) as FTIR, but its correction trends for biogenic sources differ, changing from 0.37 to 0.48 Gg/hr. The primary reason is OCO‐3's lower temporal sampling density. Aligning the FTIR inversion timing with that of OCO‐3 yielded comparable corrections for FF emissions, yet discrepancies in biogenic emissions persisted, which can be attributed to their different sampling locations in the rural region and discrepancy in X observations. Our findings mark a significant step toward validating OCO‐3 and FTIR inversion results in metropolitan region.

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Review of Satellite Remote Sensing of Carbon Dioxide Inversion and Assimilation

Hu,

Feng,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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With the rapid development of satellite remote sensing technology, carbon-cycle research, as a key focus of global climate change, has also been widely developed in terms of carbon source/sink-research methods. The internationally recognized “top-down” approach, which is based on satellite observations, is an important means to verify greenhouse gas-emission inventories. This article reviews the principles, categories, and development of satellite detection payloads for greenhouse gases and introduces inversion algorithms and datasets for satellite remote sensing of XCO2. It emphasizes inversion methods based on machine learning and assimilation algorithms. Additionally, it presents the technology and achievements of carbon-assimilation systems used to estimate carbon fluxes. Finally, the article summarizes and prospects the future development of carbon-assimilation inversion to improve the accuracy of estimating and monitoring Earth’s carbon-cycle processes.

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Regional CO₂ Inversion Through Ensemble‐Based Simultaneous State and Parameter Estimation: TRACE Framework and Controlled Experiments

Abstract: The rising level of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration in the atmosphere has profoundly altered the Earth's radiative balance and consequently the global climate (IPCC, 2021). Although sources and sinks of CO 2 to

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Regional Inversion Shows Promise in Capturing Extreme‐Event‐Driven CO₂ Flux Anomalies but Is Limited by Atmospheric CO₂ Observational Coverage

Regional Inversion Shows Promise in Capturing Extreme‐Event‐Driven CO₂ Flux Anomalies but Is Limited by Atmospheric CO₂ Observational Coverage

CO₂ Emissions Estimate From Mexico City Using Ground‐ and Space‐Based Remote Sensing

Review of Satellite Remote Sensing of Carbon Dioxide Inversion and Assimilation

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Regional CO2 Inversion Through Ensemble‐Based Simultaneous State and Parameter Estimation: TRACE Framework and Controlled Experiments

Abstract: The rising level of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration in the atmosphere has profoundly altered the Earth's radiative balance and consequently the global climate (IPCC, 2021). Although sources and sinks of CO 2 to

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Regional Inversion Shows Promise in Capturing Extreme‐Event‐Driven CO2 Flux Anomalies but Is Limited by Atmospheric CO2 Observational Coverage

Regional Inversion Shows Promise in Capturing Extreme‐Event‐Driven CO2 Flux Anomalies but Is Limited by Atmospheric CO2 Observational Coverage

CO2 Emissions Estimate From Mexico City Using Ground‐ and Space‐Based Remote Sensing

Review of Satellite Remote Sensing of Carbon Dioxide Inversion and Assimilation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Regional CO₂ Inversion Through Ensemble‐Based Simultaneous State and Parameter Estimation: TRACE Framework and Controlled Experiments

Regional Inversion Shows Promise in Capturing Extreme‐Event‐Driven CO₂ Flux Anomalies but Is Limited by Atmospheric CO₂ Observational Coverage

Regional Inversion Shows Promise in Capturing Extreme‐Event‐Driven CO₂ Flux Anomalies but Is Limited by Atmospheric CO₂ Observational Coverage

CO₂ Emissions Estimate From Mexico City Using Ground‐ and Space‐Based Remote Sensing