Regional deposition of the allergens and micro-aerosols in the healthy human nasal airways

Hazeri, Mohammad; Faramarzi, Mohammad; Sadrizadeh, Sasan; Ahmadi, Goodarz; Abouali, Omid

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105700

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Most of the available quantitative and qualitative data in the literature addressing the deposition profiles produced by conventional nasal formulations/devices reported limited drug delivery to the olfactory region—the target region for direct NTBDD [ 25 , 26 ]. Potential limitations may arise from the narrow and small duct olfactory cleft (1–2 mm width), which is hidden deeply in the nose above the main nasal airways, and thus only a small fraction of the air flow can pass through the olfactory region [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Aerosol Depositions: An Insight for Direct Nose to Brain Drug Delivery

2021

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The nasal cavity is an attractive route for both local and systemic drug delivery and holds great potential for access to the brain via the olfactory region, an area where the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is effectively absent. However, the olfactory region is located at the roof of the nasal cavity and only represents ~5–7% of the epithelial surface area, presenting significant challenges for the deposition of drug molecules for nose to brain drug delivery (NTBDD). Aerosolized particles have the potential to be directed to the olfactory region, but their specific deposition within this area is confounded by a complex combination of factors, which include the properties of the formulation, the delivery device and how it is used, and differences in inter-patient physiology. In this review, an in-depth examination of these different factors is provided in relation to both in vitro and in vivo studies and how advances in the fabrication of nasal cast models and analysis of aerosol deposition can be utilized to predict in vivo outcomes more accurately. The challenges faced in assessing the nasal deposition of aerosolized particles within the paediatric population are specifically considered, representing an unmet need for nasal and NTBDD to treat CNS disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Aerosol Depositions: An Insight for Direct Nose to Brain Drug Delivery

2021

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“…Therefore, it is important to accurately diagnose the cause of nasal obstruction. As obstructive nasal diseases often change the internal structure of the nasal cavity, three-dimensional nasal cavity reconstruction can be used to quickly assist in the diagnosis of obstructive nasal diseases [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main research contents include the following: (1) A nasal acoustic signal acquisition device was constructed for acquiring the original nasal acoustic signals. (2) Incident and reflected waves were separated based on the propagation characteristics of the short-source acoustic tube, and acoustic signals were preprocessed, including the elimination of the DC offset component and the introduction of a constraint factor to suppress high-frequency noise. (3) The nasal cavity two-dimensional depth-cross-sectional area curves were generated, and the nasal cavity three-dimensional structure reconstruction model was performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Structure Reconstruction System of Nasal Cavity Based on a Short-Source Acoustic Tube

Lian,

Ma,

Gao

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The nasal cavity three-dimensional structure reconstruction is significant for the diagnosis and treatment of nasal and nasopharynx diseases. Currently, most systems for nasal cavity three-dimensional structure reconstruction are based on a long-source acoustic tube. However, the long-source acoustic tube has the weaknesses of low portability and high cost. To address these issues, a nasal cavity three-dimensional structure reconstruction system based on a short-source acoustic tube was designed in this research. The designed system comprises the lower computer of a nasal acoustic signal acquisition device and the upper computer of nasal acoustic signal analysis software. The lower computer of a nasal acoustic signal acquisition device consists of a signal processing unit, a detection unit, a microcontroller, and a USB communication interface. It is used to collect the original acoustic signal in the nasal cavity. The upper computer of nasal acoustic signal analysis software consists of the nasal cavity acoustic signal preprocessing method and the nasal cavity three-dimensional structure hierarchical reconstruction method. The nasal cavity acoustic signal preprocessing method is used to eliminate the DC offset component and suppress the high-frequency noise. Then, the nasal cavity three-dimensional structure hierarchical reconstruction method is used to establish the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity and the depth of the nasal cavity. In order to verify the effectiveness of the system designed in this research, the straight tube model and the simulated nasal cavity model were selected as test subjects, and the depth–cross-sectional area was selected as the evaluation indicator of the accuracy of the nasal cavity three-dimensional structure reconstruction result. The experimental results show that the root mean squared error and the mean relative error of the depth–cross-sectional area were reduced from 0.6284 cm2 to 0.0201 cm2 and 47.6467% to 1.8248%, respectively, under the straight tube model by using the nasal cavity acoustic signal preprocessing method. The root mean squared error and the mean relative error of the depth–cross-sectional area were reduced from 4.7730 cm2 to 0.1510 cm2 and 107.8128% to 3.3096%, respectively, under the simulated nasal cavity model. Meanwhile, this system can increase the effective measurement depth of the nasal cavity from 7 cm to 13 cm based on the preprocessing method. The results demonstrated that the designed system can not only reconstruct and visualize a nasal cavity three-dimensional structure with high precision but also generate comprehensive test reports. Therefore, this system can provide a basis for further auxiliary diagnosis of the disease and facilitate doctors in explaining the physiological structure of the nasal cavity to patients.

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“…In addition to the function of respiration, the nasal cavity can warm and moisturize the inspired air, clean and filter it. 1 Normally, human being breath through the nasal cavity, but in some specific conditions, mouth breathing may also occur. Mouth breathing is a reflex activity of the body to expand the upper airway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although breathing is a fundamental movement that sustains life activities, nasal cavity is an important organ for breathing. In addition to the function of respiration, the nasal cavity can warm and moisturize the inspired air, clean and filter it 1 . Normally, human being breath through the nasal cavity, but in some specific conditions, mouth breathing may also occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Fluid Mechanics of the Effect of Mouth Breathing on High-Arched Palate: Computational Fluid Dynamics Analyses

Xie

Zhang

Shao

et al. 2023

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was introduced into the study of palate growth and development to explain the mechanisms by which mouth breathing affects palate descent from an aerodynamic perspective. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were used to reconstruct a 3-dimensional model during natural mouth breathing of a volunteer. The model was imported into CFX 19.0 for numerical simulation of nasal breathing, mouth-nasal breathing, and mouth breathing. The pressure in the oronasal cavity was analyzed, and the pressure difference between the oral and nasal surfaces of hard palate under different breathing patterns was calculated. CFD can be used to simulate the stress on the oral and nasal surfaces of the palate under different breathing patterns. The pressure differences and resultant force between the oral and nasal surfaces of the hard palate during nasal inspiration, nasal expiration, mouth-nasal inspiration, mouth-nasal expiration, mouth inspiration, and mouth expiration were 0 Pa, 4 Pa (upward), 9 Pa (upward), 3 Pa (downward), 474 Pa (upward), 263 Pa (downward), respectively, and 87.99 N (upward), 88.03 N (upward), 88.01 N (upward), 88.01 N (upward), 88.05 N (upward), 87.94 N (upward), respectively. Therefore, CFD can be used to investigate the growth and development of the palate. When the volunteer opened his mouth, the pressure difference between the oral and nasal surfaces of the hard palate was about 88 N upward regardless of whether there was airflow in the mouth. The reversal of the direction of the force on the hard palate may be one of the factors affecting its descent of it.

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Regional deposition of the allergens and micro-aerosols in the healthy human nasal airways

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Aerosol Depositions: An Insight for Direct Nose to Brain Drug Delivery

In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Aerosol Depositions: An Insight for Direct Nose to Brain Drug Delivery

Three-Dimensional Structure Reconstruction System of Nasal Cavity Based on a Short-Source Acoustic Tube

Respiratory Fluid Mechanics of the Effect of Mouth Breathing on High-Arched Palate: Computational Fluid Dynamics Analyses

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