Regional Difference in the Association between the Trajectory of Selenium Intake and Hypertension: A 20-Year Cohort Study

Abstract

The effect of selenium on hypertension is inconclusive. We aimed to study the relationship between selenium intake and incident hypertension. Adults (age ≥20 years) in the China Health and Nutrition Survey were followed up from 1991 to 2011 (N = 13,668). The latent class modeling method was used to identify trajectory groups of selenium intake. A total of 4039 respondents developed hypertension. The incidence of hypertension was 30.1, 30.5, 30.6, and 31.2 per 1000 person-years among participants with cumulative average selenium intake of 21.0 ± 5.1, 33.2 ± 2.8, 43.8 ± 3.6, and 68.3 ± 25.2 µg/day, respectively. Region and selenium intake interaction in relation to hypertension was significant. In the multivariable model, cumulative intake of selenium was only inversely associated with the incident hypertension in northern participants (low selenium zone), and not in southern participants. Compared to selenium intake trajectory Group 1 (stable low intake), all three trajectory groups had a low hazard ratio for hypertension among the northern participants. However, Group 4 (high intake and decreased) showed an increasing trend of hypertension risk in the south. In conclusion, the association between selenium intake and the incidence of hypertension varied according to regions in China. In the low soil selenium zone, high selenium intake might be beneficial for hypertension prevention.

Association between Selenium Status and Chronic Kidney Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Based on CHNS Data

“…From this, we obtained the food consumption of family members and calculated the intake information of selenium as well as the total food capacity, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake according to the Chinese Food Composition Table [29]. On the basis of the description of the same cohort, about 93% of the participants were in a stable state of selenium intake [13], so we only used the dietary intake data from 2009. The selenium intake was recoded into quartiles in the analysis.…”

“…The middle-aged and elderly are the populations with a high incidence of various chronic diseases [11]. Studies have shown that a lack of selenium intake was associated with cognitive impairment [12], hypertension [13], and Alzheimer's disease [14,15]. In addition, considering the physiological characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people with a reduced appetite [16] and digestive capacity [17], they are at a higher risk of an insufficient selenium intake.…”

Role for Selenium in Metabolic Homeostasis and Human Reproduction

“…More recent studies have even linked Se deficiency with other comorbidities of obesity including hypertension and impaired glycemic control [ 87 , 88 ]. Importantly, Se nanoparticles were recently found to alleviate hyperlipidemia and vascular injury in ApoE - deficient mice by regulating cholesterol metabolism and reducing oxidative stress [ 89 ].…”

Higher Dietary Se Intake Is Associated With the Risk of New-Onset Fracture: A National Longitudinal Study for 20 Years

“…Body mass index (BMI) was used to assess obesity levels, and the cutoff point of overweight was 24 kg/m 2 (36). Geographically, we defined Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shandong, and Henan as the north; and Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, and Guangxi as the south (24).…”

“…status is known for its antioxidant properties, the association between high Se intake and chronic disease remains unclear, probably attributed to its narrow safe window and other confounding factors (23,24). In previous two national studies, higher Se intake decreased the risk of hypertension in north China but increased the risk of diabetes in the United States (23,24). Furthermore, it has been pointed out that Se intake has a dose response to the incidence of diabetes and hypertension (4)(5)(6)(25)(26)(27)(28).…”