Regional differences in abdominal fat loss

Kanaley, Jill A.; Giannopoulou, Ifigenia; Ploutz‐Snyder, Lori L.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803359

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, our observations imply that the change in both visceral and abdominal subcutaneous AT is uniform across the abdominal region. While this is consistent with prior findings from our laboratory , Kanaley et al observed regional differences in abdominal AT reduction in response to weight loss, reporting greater relative visceral AT loss in the L4‐L5 region compared with the L2‐L3 region . Explanations for the discrepent findings are unclear, but they may involve differences in study design and participant demographics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Separate Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity on Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Adults with Abdominal Obesity

Cowan

Brennan

Stotz

et al. 2018

Obesity

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Objective To determine the effects of exercise amount (kilocalories per session) and intensity (percent of maximal oxygen consumption [% VO2peak]) on adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) in adults with abdominal obesity. Methods Participants (n = 103; 52.7 ± 7.6 years) were randomized to the following groups: control; low‐amount, low‐intensity exercise (180 kcal/session [women] and 300 kcal/session [men] at 50% VO2peak); high‐amount, low‐intensity exercise (HALI; 360 kcal/session [women] and 600 kcal/session [men] at 50% VO2peak); or high‐amount, high‐intensity exercise (HAHI; 360 kcal/session [women] and 600 kcal/session [men] at 75% VO2peak) for 24 weeks. Activities of daily living were measured by accelerometry. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure tissue mass. Results Reduction in all AT depots was greater in the exercise groups compared with control (P < 0.002); however, there were no differences between exercise groups (P > 0.05). Visceral and abdominal subcutaneous AT reduction was uniform across the abdomen. Total SM mass did not change with exercise compared with control (P = 0.32). However, while lower‐body SM mass was maintained (P = 0.32), upper‐body SM mass in the high‐amount, high‐intensity and the high‐amount, low‐intensity groups was reduced compared with controls (P < 0.008). Conclusions In adults with abdominal obesity, substantial reductions in total, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral AT with a preservation of total SM mass were observed independent of exercise amount or intensity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Separate Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity on Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Adults with Abdominal Obesity

Cowan

Brennan

Stotz

et al. 2018

Obesity

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“…Similar to our results, Kanaley et al 18 suggested that the number of MRI slices analyzed yields different results relative to the VAT distribution by MRI protocol used. This may cause misleading results when determining the amount of VAT loss that occurs with an intervention.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…A few studies 8,18 have suggested that a single-slice image is less accurate and it may not be suitable for detecting VAT change in interventional studies. Our results also show that single-slice images have a weaker ability to detect VAT changes than multipleslice images and a single-slice image needs a larger sample size to determine VAT changes than multiple slices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-slice magnetic resonance imaging can detect visceral adipose tissue reduction more accurately than single-slice imaging

Sasai

Matsuo

et al. 2012

Eur J Clin Nutr

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Imaging methods by magnetic resonance imaging are being increasingly used to quantify visceral adipose tissue (VAT), but there is no clear consensus as to a standardized protocol. We compared the ability of two commonly used imaging protocols (multiple slice versus single slice) to detect changes in VAT with diet or exercise. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We utilized data from the participants who completed our diet (n ¼ 22) or exercise (n ¼ 35) based weightloss interventions. The intervention mainly comprised of weekly dietary modification sessions or aerobic exercise sessions over 12 weeks. Multiple-slice images obtained from T9 to S1 and a single-slice image at L4-L5 were compared using the effect size of the VAT change. In addition, we calculated the sample size needed to compare the two imaging protocols' ability to detect significant changes in VAT. RESULTS: VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes and areas, and other anthropometry decreased significantly after both the diet and exercise interventions. For VAT, a single-slice image had a lower effect size (diet: 1.23; exercise: 0.49) than the multipleslice images (diet: 1.81; exercise: 0.90). The sample size required for multiple slice was substantially lower than for the single-slice with both weight-loss interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The different image protocols may lead to different results in relative VAT changes. Furthermore, single-slice imaging required a substantially larger sample size than multiple-slice imaging, and for researchers to detect smaller changes in VAT with single-slice imaging, a larger sample size would be needed. Thus, multiple-slice imaging has advantages for assessing VAT change in future clinical research.

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“…Owing to CT-induced radiation and the relatively high cost of image analysis with MRI, abdominal adiposity (the VAT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) depot)) is in general characterized using a single cross-sectional image at L2/L3 or L4-L5 level (22). A multi-slice protocol using slices covering the whole abdomen is, however, more accurate when intersubject comparisons are performed (23,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparable reduction of the visceral adipose tissue depot after a diet-induced weight loss with or without aerobic exercise in obese subjects: a 12-week randomized intervention study

Christiansen

Paulsen

Bruun

et al. 2009

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Weight loss with preferential effect on the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depot could have important clinical benefits. In this study, we investigated the independent and combined effect of regular exercise and diet induced weight loss on body fat distribution. Design: Randomized control design of i) exercise-only (EXO; 12 weeks of exercise without dietrestriction), ii) hypocaloric-diet (DIO; 8 weeks of very low energy diet (VLED 600 kcal/day) followed by 4-weeks weight maintenance diet) and iii) hypocaloric-diet and exercise (DEX; 8 weeks VLED 800 kcal/dayCa 4-week weight maintenance diet combined with exercise throughout the 12 weeks). Subjects: Seventy-nine obese males and females were included. Measurements: Body fat distribution was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-technology. Results: In the EXO group, the weight loss (3.5 kg) and the relative reduction in VAT (18%) was significantly lower compared with the weight losses in the DIO and DEX groups (12.3 kg; P!0.01) and to the reduction in VAT (30-37%; P!0.01). In all the three groups, the relative reduction of VAT was higher as compared with the reduction in fat mass (FM; combining all fat depots determined by MRI; P!0.01 for all comparisons). The changes in VAT were associated with changes in FM and related to the initial VAT/FM ratio (r 2 Z0.72; P!0.01). Conclusion: Exercise has no additional effects in reduction of the VAT depot, compared with the major effects of hypocaloric diet alone. In addition, the effects of exercise per se on VAT are relatively limited. The effects on the VAT depot are closely associated with changes in total FM.

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Regional differences in abdominal fat loss

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Separate Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity on Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Adults with Abdominal Obesity

Separate Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity on Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Adults with Abdominal Obesity

Multiple-slice magnetic resonance imaging can detect visceral adipose tissue reduction more accurately than single-slice imaging

Comparable reduction of the visceral adipose tissue depot after a diet-induced weight loss with or without aerobic exercise in obese subjects: a 12-week randomized intervention study

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