Regional differences of proteins in isolated cells of early embryos of Xenopus laevis

Miyata, Shogo; Kageura, Hirosi; Kihara, Hirozi K.

doi:10.1016/0045-6039(87)90447-7

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Embryos were picked at the 2-cell stage, when the first cleavage furrow bisects the lightly pigmented region of the animal hemisphere, to facilitate identification of the cardinal axes (Klein, 1987; Miyata et al, 1987). This ensures accurate identification of the dorsal and ventral animal blastomeres with predominantly neural versus predominantly epidermal developmental fates (Moody and Kline, 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wbp2nl has a developmental role in establishing neural and non-neural ectodermal fates

Marchak

Grant

Neilson

et al. 2017

Developmental Biology

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In many animals, maternally synthesized mRNAs are critical for primary germ layer formation. In Xenopus, several maternal mRNAs are enriched in the animal blastomere progenitors of the embryonic ectoderm. We previously identified one of these, WW-domain binding protein 2 N-terminal like (wbp2nl), that others previously characterized as a sperm protein (PAWP) that promotes meiotic resumption. Herein we demonstrate that it has an additional developmental role in regionalizing the embryonic ectoderm. Knock-down of Wbp2nl in the dorsal ectoderm reduced cranial placode and neural crest gene expression domains and expanded neural plate domains; knock-down in ventral ectoderm reduced epidermal gene expression. Conversely, increasing levels of Wbp2nl in the neural plate induced ectopic epidermal and neural crest gene expression and repressed many neural plate and cranial placode genes. The effects in the neural plate appear to be mediated, at least in part, by down-regulating chd, a BMP antagonist. Because the cellular function of Wbp2nl is not known, we mutated several predicted motifs. Expressing mutated proteins in embryos showed that a putative phosphorylation site at Thr45 and an α-helix in the PH-G domain are required to ectopically induce epidermal and neural crest genes in the neural plate. An intact YAP-binding motif also is required for ectopic epidermal gene expression as well as for down-regulating chd. This work reveals novel developmental roles for a cytoplasmic protein that promotes epidermal and neural crest formation at the expense of neural ectoderm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wbp2nl has a developmental role in establishing neural and non-neural ectodermal fates

Marchak

Grant

Neilson

et al. 2017

Developmental Biology

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“…The asymmetrical rearrangement of cytoplasmic components was originally studied in yolk platelets because of the relative ease with which they can be examined. Technical developments such as gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies have focused attention on the spatial distribution of non-yolk cytoplasmic proteins (Moen and Namenwirth 1977;J/ickle and Eagleson 1980;Smith et al 1986;Miyata et al 1987). In addition, it is strongly suggested that the dorsal-vegetal ceil cytoplasm of a Xenopus 16-cell embryo predominantly contains the components responsible for dorsal axis formation (Yuge et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Possible mechanisms in the rearrangement of non-yolk cytoplasmic materials during maturation of theXenopus laevis oocyte

Suzuki

Manabe

Imoh

1993

Roux's Arch Dev Biol

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Using the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Xa5B6 as probe, the authors examined the mechanisms of cytoplasmic rearrangement occurring during maturation of theXenopus oocyte. The antigen molecules recognized by the MoAb are arranged in radial striations of the oocyte cytoplasm. The radial striations were disorganized in vitro by progesterone treatment, and the antigen molecules were uniformly distributed, predominantly in the animal hemisphere. Even when the germinal vesicle was mechanically removed or when germinal vesicle breakdown was suppressed in a K-free medium, progesterone induced a disorganization of the radial striations. This progesterone-induced disorganization was inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. When full-sized oocytes were treated with cytochalasin B, the radial striations were also disorganized, but the antigen molecules did not disperse into the large mass. Colchicine treatment had little effect. Antigen molecules were no longer arranged in radial striations and were completely dispersed when the oocyte was simultaneously treated with both drugs. These results indicate that the two compartments in the oocyte cytoplasm, the yolk-free cytoplasm and yolk column, are organized by different types of cytoskeletal system. It is also suggested that the maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activated during progesterone-induced maturation disrupts these cytoskeletal systems and disorganizes the radial striations.

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“…This asymmetry might originate from: 1) the heterogeneous distribution of maternal mRNAs during the first three cleavages, as a consequence of cytoplasmic rearrangements consecutive to fertilization; 2) a spatially differential translation of mRNAs during cleavage; 3) post-translational protein modifications, such as phosphorylation, dearnination and proteolytic cleavage (27). We are currently investigating the characteristics of the dorsal-and ventral-specific proteins.…”

Section: Comparison Between Acidic Proteins From Vegetal Quarters Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miyata et a/. (27) analysed four regional types of blastomere pairs, collected from 300 embryos at the 32-cell stage, and slight dorsalventral differences were detected in protein patterns. But no such differences were seen at the 16-cell stage.…”

Section: Comparison Between Acidic Proteins From Vegetal Quarters Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differential Protein Distribution Related to Dorsoventral Polarity in Pleurodeles waltl Cleaving Egg

Dupont¹,

P²,

Tujague³

et al. 1992

Dev Growth Differ

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The molecular basis for the initial specification of dorsoventral polarity in the Amphibian egg prior to the mid-blastula transition still remains an open question. Regional differences in the protein pattern of Pleurodeles egg were investigated during early cleavage (8-and 51 2-cell stages, prior to the mid-blastula transition). Animal-dorsal, animal-ventral, vegetal-dorsal and vegetal-ventral quarters were separated and proteins were analyzed by 2D-electrophoresis, The comparison of acidic protein patterns from dorsal and ventral quarters revealed differences between vegetal cells but no difference was detected between animal cells. One protein (pl 1 , 30 kDa) was characterized in the dorsal side as early as the 8-cell st. and two dorsal spots were detected at the 512-cell st. ( p l l and p5, 65 kDa). Similarly one protein (p7b, 46 kDa) appears to be ventral-specific from the 8-cell st. The p l 1 spot was shown to appear in ventral cells as a consequence of a dorsalizing LiCI-treatment at the 32-cell stage. Conversely, p l 1 disappeared from dorsal cells and p5 did not appear at 512-cell stage after UV-irradiation of the uncleaved egg, which results in the expression of the ventral-specific protein p7b in the dorsal part of the egg. Therefore differential protein expression is already present at very early cleavage stages. Its significance needs further investigation.

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Regional differences of proteins in isolated cells of early embryos of Xenopus laevis

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Wbp2nl has a developmental role in establishing neural and non-neural ectodermal fates

Wbp2nl has a developmental role in establishing neural and non-neural ectodermal fates

Possible mechanisms in the rearrangement of non-yolk cytoplasmic materials during maturation of theXenopus laevis oocyte

Differential Protein Distribution Related to Dorsoventral Polarity in Pleurodeles waltl Cleaving Egg

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