Regional energy policies for electrifying car fleets

Evaluating battery electric vehicle usage in the EU: A comparative study based on member state energy mixes

“…Rovai et al [ 12 ] recently published gCO 2 e/MJ values for the EU. According to their WTW analyses, they obtained 96, 95 and 90 gCO 2 e/MJ for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.…”

“…The BEV usage within the European Union is also usually analyzed by WTW studies. These publications mostly focus on EU-27 values, like Rovai et al [ 12 ], where a comparison was made involving China, the USA, the EU and Brazil. Bíró and Kiss [ 13 ] investigated various heavy-duty vehicle propulsions by WTW, and they also highlighted the importance of the electricity mix and pointed out the differences between European countries.…”

Tribological Performance of a Paraffinic Base Oil Additive with Coated and Uncoated SiO2 Nanoparticles

“…For this reason, automotive industries need to develop new technologies to produce highly efficient vehicles for individual and public mobility [2,3]. Thus, electrification designs (hybrid or electric vehicles (EVs)) have emerged as an optimal solution for new propulsion systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions [4], although a specific analysis of each country is necessary to ensure proper emissions reduction [5]. These greenhouse gas reductions, particularly that of CO 2 , greatly depend on the source of the electricity [6].…”