Regional Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Reappraisal

Free tissue transfer as a vascular source for the vessel‐depleted neck

“…The techniques described above increase the chances of using free tissue transfer, which is the most ideal in head and neck reconstructions. Failing which, the use of other backup plans, such as a pedicled locoregional flap, may be used …”

Dorsoscapularis triangularis: embryological and phylogenetic characterization of a rare variation of trapezius

“…Trapezius muscle myocutaneous flaps are commonly used for reconstruction of head and neck defects either as island or pedicled flaps [ 2 ]. An extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap is used during a salvage surgery for advanced oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas [ 11 ].…”

“…There was a bilateral absence of the superior part of the muscle with no associated neurovascular anomalies. The trapezius forms a crucial landmark forming the boundary of the posterior triangle and it is commonly used in myocutaneous flaps for repairing major head and neck defects [ 2 ], the knowledge of such a variation should prove useful for radiologists analysing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as for the surgeons operating the Head and Neck region.…”

Primary reconstruction of neck defect after excision of metastatic melanoma of unknown primary site with regional pectoral myocutaneous flap

“…vitality of the flap, reasonably short time of recovery, favorable aesthetic outcome at the donor site [14], versatility and excellent reach in the neck region [15], cost of surgery of the regional vs. free flaps. Also, minor but notable or even no postoperative complications using PM flap were mentioned in the latest literature [16,17].…”