Regional Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in the At Risk Mental State

Borgwardt, Stefan; Riecher-Rössler, Anita; Dazzan, Paola; Chitnis, Xavier; Aston, Jacqueline; Drewe, Margret; Gschwandtner, Ute; Haller, Sven; Pflüger, Marlon; Rechsteiner, Evelyne; D’Souza, Marcus; Stieglitz, Rolf‐Dieter; Radü, E. W.; McGuire, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.009

Cited by 294 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Our findings in patients are consistent with previous neuroimaging reports from the same sample (Borgwardt et al, 2007aHaller et al, 2009) and similar to other ARMS samples (Velakoulis et al, 2006;Meisenzahl et al, 2008), as well as longitudinal MRI studies using voxel-based morphometry methods, where progressive volumetric reductions in hippocampal and parahippocampal regions were found in those ARMS subjects that made a transition to psychosis . Furthermore, also the finding that non-converters (ARMS-NT) compared to converters (ARMS-T) did not differ in left or right HVs is well in line with previous VBM studies of ARMS (Borgwardt et al, 2007a;Meisenzahl et al, 2008.…”

Section: Arms-nt)supporting

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, also the finding that non-converters (ARMS-NT) compared to converters (ARMS-T) did not differ in left or right HVs is well in line with previous VBM studies of ARMS (Borgwardt et al, 2007a;Meisenzahl et al, 2008. Both converters and non-converters showed no difference in HV compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Arms-nt)supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Based on our own work (Borgwardt et al 2007a(Borgwardt et al , b, 2008 and previous structural neuroimaging studies Phillips et al 2002;Velakoulis et al 2006) we hypothesized that HVs of FEP patients are smaller compared to individuals with an ARMS, whereas ARMS subjects show smaller HVs compared to HC. Furthermore, we hypothesized that HVs of ARMS individuals with later transition to psychosis are smaller compared to ARMS individuals without later transition to psychosis, as well as compared to HC.…”

Section: Structural Brain Abnormalities In Schizophrenia Have Been Dementioning

confidence: 93%

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Hippocampus abnormalities in at risk mental states for psychosis? A cross-sectional high resolution region of interest magnetic resonance imaging study

Buehlmann

Berger²,

Aston

et al. 2010

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Abstract:Background: Hippocampal volume (HV) reduction is well documented in schizophrenia.However, it is still unclear whether this change is a pre-existing vulnerability factor, a sign of disease progression, a consequence of environmental factors, such as drug use, antipsychotic medication, or malnutrition. The timing of HV changes is not well established, but a lack of macrostructural hippocampal brain abnormalities before disease onset would rather support a neuroprogressive illness model. Results: The overall ANCOVA model comparing left HVs across FEP, ARMS and HC indicated a significant general group effect (p < .05) with largest volumes in ARMS and smallest in FEP. ARMS-T subjects had significantly larger left HVs compared to FE but no HV differences compared to HC (p<0.05). Over all groups, we found an asymmetry between the left and right mean HVs and a strong effect of sex.

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Section: Arms-nt)supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Arms-nt)supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Structural Brain Abnormalities In Schizophrenia Have Been Dementioning

confidence: 93%

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Hippocampus abnormalities in at risk mental states for psychosis? A cross-sectional high resolution region of interest magnetic resonance imaging study

Buehlmann

Berger²,

Aston

et al. 2010

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…Our study revealed a lower percentage of gray matter in caudate voxels of UHR participants, which may be secondary to excessive glutamate levels. Other studies have also reported a decrease in gray matter in UHR subjects in a variety of other brain regions, including the right medial temporal, lateral temporal, orbitofrontal and cingulate cortex, insula, and inferior frontal and superior temporal gyrus (Pantelis et al, 2003;Borgwardt et al, 2007;Stone et al, 2009). Other factors, however, may have also contributed to our finding of reduced gray matter as a lower percentage of gray matter was not observed in FEP patients.…”

Section: Glutamate and Neuronal Degenerationsupporting

confidence: 40%

Higher Levels of Glutamate in the Associative-Striatum of Subjects with Prodromal Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Patients with First-Episode Psychosis

Fuente‐Sandoval

León-Ortíz

Favila

et al. 2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

208

157

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The glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Their interaction has been widely documented and may have a role in the neurobiological basis of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS), glutamate levels in the precommissural dorsal-caudate (a dopamine-rich region) and the cerebellar cortex (negligible for dopamine) in the following: (1) 18 antipsychotic-naïve subjects with prodromal symptoms and considered to be at ultra high-risk for schizophrenia (UHR), (2) 18 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), and (3) 40 age-and sex-matched healthy controls. All subjects underwent a 1 H-MRS study using a 3Tesla scanner. Glutamate levels were quantified and corrected for the proportion of cerebrospinal fluid and percentage of gray matter in the voxel. The UHR and FEP groups showed higher levels of glutamate than controls, without differences between UHR and FEP. In the cerebellum, no differences were seen between the three groups. The higher glutamate level in the precommissural dorsal-caudate and not in the cerebellum of UHR and FEP suggests that a high glutamate level (a) precedes the onset of schizophrenia, and (b) is present in a dopamine-rich region previously implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

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“…People at high risk of psychosis show qualitatively similar volumetric abnormalities to patients with schizophrenia. Cortical brain abnormalities have been found in genetically defined high-risk populations such as first-degree relatives and co-twins of patients with schizophrenia, as well in people with ARMS [13,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. Previous longitudinal MRI studies in this group found that the subset of patients who developed psychosis showed a longitudinal reduction in GM in the orbito-frontal, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum [79,81,82].…”

Section: Effects Of Antipsychotic Medication On Structural Neuroimagimentioning

confidence: 82%

The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

Smieskova

Fusar‐Poli²,

Allen³

et al. 2009

CPD

186

131

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Abstract:Despite a large number of neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia reporting subtle brain abnormalities, we do not know to what extent such abnormalities reflect the effects of antipsychotic treatment on brain structure. We therefore systematically reviewed cross-sectional and follow-up structural brain imaging studies of patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. 30 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were identified, 24 of them being longitudinal and six cross-sectional structural imaging studies. In patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics, reduced gray matter volume was described, particularly in the frontal and temporal lobes. Structural neuroimaging studies indicate that treatment with typical as well as atypical antipsychotics may affect regional gray matter (GM) volume. In particular, typical antipsychotics led to increased gray matter volume of the basal ganglia, while atypical antipsychotics reversed this effect after switching. Atypical antipsychotics, however, seem to have no effect on basal ganglia structure.

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Regional Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in the At Risk Mental State

Cited by 294 publications

References 62 publications

Hippocampus abnormalities in at risk mental states for psychosis? A cross-sectional high resolution region of interest magnetic resonance imaging study

Hippocampus abnormalities in at risk mental states for psychosis? A cross-sectional high resolution region of interest magnetic resonance imaging study

Higher Levels of Glutamate in the Associative-Striatum of Subjects with Prodromal Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Patients with First-Episode Psychosis

The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

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