Regional inequalities in premature mortality in Great Britain

Plümper, Thomas; Laroze, Denise; Neumayer, Eric

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193488

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Further, the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine reported that income, education, occupation, sex, and race/ethnicity were vital social factors that are directly connected to chronic diseases [29]. Moreover, previous studies with British men and women (civil government employees) found that those with the highest professional rank had the lowest percentage of deaths (regardless of the cause) [9,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, smoking is associated with more than 21 chronic conditions [ 8 ]. Other social determinants such as income, education, occupational characteristics, and racial inequality have direct effects on unhealthy and healthy lifestyles and connections to chronic diseases [ 3 , 9 , 10 ]. Several earlier studies among the various population have revealed that the association between social determinants and chronic diseases [ 11 ], especially cardiovascular diseases [ 12 – 14 ] and diabetes [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between social determinants and the presence of chronic diseases: data from the osteoarthritis Initiative

et al. 2020

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Background: Some studies investigated the relationship between musculoskeletal conditions and chronic diseases. However, no study examined the association between social determinants and chronic diseases among people at high risk for knee osteoarthritis. Thus, the current study was aimed to address this gap. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted on a total of 3280 men and women aged 45 to 79 who were recruited in the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analyses show that age ≥ 65 years was associated with 1.98, 1.96, and 1.46 times odds of the presence of diabetes, heart attack, and multi-morbidity, respectively than age ≤ 64 years. Men were associated with 1.39, 1.41, 1.76, and 2.24 times odds of the presence of arthritis, cancer, diabetes, and heart attack, respectively than women. African American/Asian/ non-Caucasian was associated with 2.71, 2.56, and 1.93 times odds of the presence of arthritis, diabetes, and heart attack, respectively than Caucasian. Primary school/less education was associated with twice or more times the odds of arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than ≥high school education. Unemployment was associated with 1.41-, 1.73-, 1.58-, and 1.70-time odds of the presence of arthritis, cancer, COPD, and heart attack, respectively, then employed. Unmarried/widowed/ separated was associated with 1.41, 1.75, 2.77, 2.76, 1.86, and 3.34 times odds of the presence of arthritis, asthma, cancer, COPD, diabetes, and heart attack, respectively than married. Annual income < 50,000 was associated with 1.33-, 1.44-, and 1.38-time odds of the presence of arthritis, diabetes, and multi-morbidity, respectively, then annual income ≥50,000. Overweight/obese was associated with 2.28 times the odds of the presence of diabetes than healthy weight. Current/former smoker was associated with 1.57, 2.47, 2.53, 1.63, and 1.24 times odds of the presence of arthritis, cancer, COPD, heart attack, and multi-morbidity, respectively than a nonsmoker. Consuming alcohol was associated with 1.32-, 1.65-, 1.50-, and 1.24-time odds of the presence of arthritis, COPD, diabetes, and multi-morbidity, respectively, then nonalcoholic. Conclusions: Social determinants are associated with the presence of chronic diseases. Some of the social determinants are modifiable or treatable. Thus, these findings can inform public health strategies in the United States.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between social determinants and the presence of chronic diseases: data from the osteoarthritis Initiative

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, spatial analysis constitutes a valuable approach to reveal geographic patterns of health inequalities and guide local public health policies [19,20]. However, most of the studies assessing mortality variations in a geographic setting are limited to large spatial scales [21][22][23][24], and only a few studies -none in Switzerland-use spatial analysis methods to evaluate small areas inequalities in health. These studies highlighted the association between the geographic disparities of premature death and deprivation status [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic footprints of life expectancy inequalities in the state of Geneva, Switzerland

Ladoy

Vallarta-Robledo

Ridder

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Introduction Although Switzerland has one of the highest life expectancy in the world, this global indicator may mask significant disparities at a local level. The present study used a spatial cluster detection approach on individual mortality data to investigate the geographic footprint of life expectancy inequalities in the state of Geneva, Switzerland. Methods Individual-level mortality data (n=30,592) were obtained from the Geneva’s mortuary announcements (2003-2017). We measured life expectancy inequalities through Life Expectancy Difference (LED), defined as the difference between the individual’s age at death and their Life Expectancy at Birth. We assessed the spatial dependence of LED across the state of Geneva using spatial autocorrelation statistics (Local Moran’s I). To ensure the robustness of the discovered patterns, we ran the analysis for ten random subsets of 10,000 individuals drawn from the 30,592 deceased. We also repeated the spatial analysis for LED before and after controlling for nationality and neighborhood income.Results LED was not randomly distributed across the state of Geneva. The ten random subsets revealed no significant difference in the geographic footprint of LED and the population characteristics within Local Moran cluster types, suggesting the robustness of the spatial structure obtained. The proportion of women, the proportion of Swiss, and the median neighborhood income were significantly lower for populations within low LED clusters than for populations within high LED clusters. After controlling for nationality and neighborhood income, we observed a slight reduction in the low LED cluster footprints, but we found similar differences in population characteristics between cluster types.Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Switzerland using spatial cluster detection methods to investigate small area inequalities in life expectancy. We identified a clear geographic footprint of LED, which may support further investigations and guide future public health interventions at the local level.

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“…Neighbourhood changes involve increasing deprivation, for example, in post-industrial, urban communities. Socio-economic inequalities across British neighbourhoods are considerable and reflected in an almost three times higher risk of premature mortality in deprived than affluent areas, particularly old industrial and urban areas (Plumper et al ., 2018). Rural neighbourhoods are also being transformed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing in a changing place: a qualitative study of neighbourhood exclusion

Dahlberg

2019

Ageing and Society

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An inclusive neighbourhood is a key facilitator enabling older adults to age in place. Neighbourhoods have been identified as a dimension of social exclusion important to older adults, and it has been argued that older adults are particularly vulnerable to neighbourhood change. The aim of this study was to explore older adults’ experiences of neighbourhood exclusion within the context of neighbourhood change. Focus groups were undertaken in the urban and rural areas of a metropolitan borough in England involving a total of 41 older adults, with data analysed via thematic analysis. Urban areas in the borough studied have transformed following the closure of the mining industry, with a high level of deprivation in many areas, while some rural areas have undergone gentrification. Within the context of structural neighbourhood change, four themes were identified: community cohesion, political agency, feelings of safety and the physical environment. The themes were interlinked, which calls for collaboration across traditional lines of professional responsibility, and for research that encompasses different aspects of neighbourhood exclusion. This study contributes with knowledge on older adults’ experiences of exclusion, including novel findings on the importance of political agency and collective memory, and identifies actions to combat exclusion. An active involvement of older adults in the development of initiatives to tackle social exclusion is recommended.

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Regional inequalities in premature mortality in Great Britain

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Associations between social determinants and the presence of chronic diseases: data from the osteoarthritis Initiative

Associations between social determinants and the presence of chronic diseases: data from the osteoarthritis Initiative

Geographic footprints of life expectancy inequalities in the state of Geneva, Switzerland

Ageing in a changing place: a qualitative study of neighbourhood exclusion

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