Regional inequality in China's health care expenditures

Chou, Wayne; Wang, Zijun

doi:10.1002/hec.1511

Cited by 58 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Recently, researchers have realized that public services are important for sustainable development [12][13][14][15], and studies have consequently been carried out measuring regional inequality of public services such as education and health care in China [16][17][18][19]. Nearly all the previous studies used regionally aggregated indicators to measure the regional inequality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale Measurement of Regional Inequality in Mainland China during 2005–2010 Using DMSP/OLS Night Light Imagery and Population Density Grid Data

Yang

et al. 2015

Sustainability

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This study used the Night Light Development Index (NLDI) to measure the regional inequality of public services in Mainland China at multiple scales. The NLDI was extracted based on a Gini Coefficient approach to measure the spatial differences of population distribution and night light distribution. Population data were derived from the dataset of China's population density grid, and night light data were acquired from satellite imagery. In the multi-scale analysis, we calculated the NLDI for China as a whole, eight 13470The same pattern was observed from the provincial and prefectural analysis, suggesting that public services in Mainland China became more equal within the five-year period. A regression analysis indicated that provincial and prefectural regions with more public services per capita and higher population density had more equal public services.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale Measurement of Regional Inequality in Mainland China during 2005–2010 Using DMSP/OLS Night Light Imagery and Population Density Grid Data

Yang

et al. 2015

Sustainability

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“…Compared with the previous studies, this study mainly makes a progress in the following three aspects: (1) The previous studies mainly focus on the regional distribution of a certain kind of healthcare resources as a whole, including the studies on regional distribution of medical institutions [35,36], medical expenses [8], physicians [41][42][43], and medical beds [38][39][40]. However, few studies analyze a certain kind of healthcare resources based on the structural systems themselves deeply.…”

Section: Discussion and Policy Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although China has dramatically accelerated economic growth, its regional unbalanced development is also prominent, in particular, there is a considerable disparity between eastern coastal areas and western inland areas in terms of income and public services [7,8]. Most public service resources are strongly concentrated in well-developed regions, especially big cities, while fewer resources are allocated in the western inland and underdeveloped regions [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Maldistribution of China’s Hospitals Based on Their Structural System

Xie

Shi

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Health equity is significant for social sustainability and the Chinese government is trying to achieve the goals of "universal access to basic health care services". As the comprehensive carrier of health care services, hospitals are almost the most important health care resources and their regional maldistribution needs to give a special concern for health justice and social sustainability. This study aims to explore regional maldistribution of various hospitals through constructing, decomposing and calculating per capita hospitals Gini Coefficient based on the unique structural system of China's hospitals from [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014]. Results show that: (1) the level of regional maldistribution of hospitals in China is not too serious in terms of quantity and there is a slight decline in recent years; (2) regional maldistribution of hospitals is mainly from General Hospitals and in inland areas; and (3) the slight decrease of regional maldistribution is mainly caused by Concentration Effect and increased per capita hospitals. Based on empirical results and the reality of China, some targeted policy suggestions are proposed to reduce regional maldistribution of hospitals and promote health equity for social sustainable development.

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“…They demonstrated that government budget deficits have a significant impact, with every 10 million yuan increase in budget deficits associated with an approximate 26.3% decrease in health expenditure in the long term. Based on the same dataset, Chou and Wang (2009) later carried out cross-section regressions and a cluster analysis to prove that provincial government budget deficits are useful in explaining the disparity in health expenditures. Their findings indicate that budget deficits decrease the total health expenditure, which may also extend to GHE.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining provincial government health expenditures in China: evidence from panel data 2007–2013

Tan

2017

China Financ. and Econ. Rev.

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Background: Since the mid-2000s, the Chinese government has increased government health expenditures (GHE) significantly to address widespread complaints about health delivery. This study examines the real per capita provincial GHE over the period [2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] to identify the determinants of provincial GHE during the most recent round of health reforms. Methods: A range of theoretically grounded socioeconomic indicators were collected from the China Statistical Yearbooks and then factored to reduce the number of highly correlated indicators. Maps were drawn to visualise the spatial patterns of key variables and fixed-effects regressions were run to test relationships between the real per capita provincial GHE and various variables. GMM estimators were used to address endogeneity problems. Results: Key determinants of provincial GHE in China include the real per capita budgetary deficits, economy, and industrial structure (two factors composed from an exploratory factor analysis). Increasing 1000 yuan real per capita budgetary deficits was expected to increase the real per capita GHE by 34 yuan. A one-unit increase in the economy was associated with a 249 yuan higher real per capita GHE, while a one-unit increase in the industrial structure was expected to decrease the real per capita GHE by 33 yuan. Conclusions: The findings of this study reveal a worrisome picture: potential inefficiencies of the central government's funding efforts and the overwhelming importance of economic development for GHE.

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Regional inequality in China's health care expenditures

Cited by 58 publications

References 14 publications

Multi-Scale Measurement of Regional Inequality in Mainland China during 2005–2010 Using DMSP/OLS Night Light Imagery and Population Density Grid Data

Multi-Scale Measurement of Regional Inequality in Mainland China during 2005–2010 Using DMSP/OLS Night Light Imagery and Population Density Grid Data

Regional Maldistribution of China’s Hospitals Based on Their Structural System

Explaining provincial government health expenditures in China: evidence from panel data 2007–2013

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