Regional integration in Central Asia: From knowing-that to                     knowing-how

Azizov, Ulugbek

doi:10.1016/j.euras.2017.02.002

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Since 1993, the leaders of the "five stans" have gathered and established "Five Central Asian States on a Common Market" to trade with one another instead of exporting to other countries. As a result, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan's economies grew 2.5-times faster [44]. Post-Soviet nations, including Mongolia, rely on foreign aid, foreign direct investment (FDI), commercial loans, and portfolio investments to control their political opponents and maintain authoritarian regimes.…”

Section: Economic Globalization In Central Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Challenges and Responses: Agriculture, Economic Globalization, and Environmental Sustainability in Central Asia

et al. 2022

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Economic globalization (EG) accelerates very fast in Central Asia. This could cause environmental degradation, according to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The study aims to determine how the EG of agriculture impacts environmental sustainability, and to test the EKC hypothesis on the agricultural sector in six Central Asian countries. Particularly, some main hypotheses were proposed using secondary data from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan from 1994 to 2019. This study uses five explanatory variables: agricultural exports value (EXP), agriculture forestry and fishing value-added (AVA), the exchange rate (EXR), total natural resource rents (RENT), and external debt stocks (DEBT), while the dependent variable in this study is the CO2 emissions from on-farm energy use (EMS), temperature changes (TEMP), and forest fires (FIRE). These data are analyzed using panel data regression. As a result, AVA and RENT raise EMS; EXC raises TEMP but lowers EMS; DEBT raises TEMP but can lower FIRE. Hence, we propose recommendations to improve this condition, including a clear roadmap, enhanced partnerships, and regional and international support.

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Section: Economic Globalization In Central Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Challenges and Responses: Agriculture, Economic Globalization, and Environmental Sustainability in Central Asia

et al. 2022

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“…The CSTO lacks EU attention because the former is a military formation while the latter is not. Others include the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the EAEU (among the literature, see Dadabaev 2014 for the SCO's limitations; Russo 2018; Vinokurov 2018; for a critique of analytical approaches to Central Asia regionalism as focused on talk rather than action, see Azizov 2017).…”

Section: The Central Asian Region Within Other Eu-supported Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Not here for geopolitical interests or games’: the EU’s 2019 strategy and the regional and inter-regional competition for Central Asia

Fawn

2021

Central Asian Survey

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The European Union's (EU) 2019 New Strategy for Central Asia and joint meetings with Central Asia's five foreign ministers established standards and expectations for mutual relations. Throughout those initiatives and proclamations, the EU stresses its un-geopolitical essence and behaviour, including the statement that affords the article's title. The article identifies five issue areas that demonstrate that, despite declarations otherwise, the EU reasons and acts geopolitically in this contested region: (1) the promotion of Central Asian regionalism; (2) the inclusion of Central Asia in formations beneficial to the EU; (3) selectively in economic and functionalist cooperation; (4) democracy, human rights and civil society promotion; and (5) international education cooperation. The EU identifies its comparative advantage through cost-benefit analyses and seeks to enhance its attractiveness by offering its allies to Central Asia, while excluding other, present actors. That the EU is often outmanoeuvred does not diminish this subtle yet discernible geopolitical conduct.

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“…instead of "What?" [16], these countries' level of competitiveness in the international trade market can increase. Moreover, as compared with 1990s, the high stability of the Turkish economy positively affects the development of the mutual trade relations.…”

Section: Literature Review On Trade Relations Between Turkey and The mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Economic Complexity Index and Export: the Case of Turkey and Central Asian and Turkic Republics

Şeker¹,

Şimdi²

2019

EoR

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The paper focuses on the mutual interaction between export from Turkey to Central Asian and Turkic Republics (the CATRs) and exported product range. For measuring the range of exported products, we use economic complexity index (ECI) that refers to the knowledge intensity accumulated in the country's exported products. In addition, ECI provides information regarding the countries' export structures and income levels. We explore how export levels of Turkey and the CATRs, which have common religion and ethnicity, and the countries' ECI scores interact with each other. In this regard, we demonstrate how export affects the countries' ECI for both the CATRs and Turkey. For this purpose, we study the possible relationship between mutual trade volume and the countries' ECI scores by employing Westerlund's cointegration analysis, Pooled Mean Group Estimator (PMGE) model and Dumitrescu-Hurlin's panel causality method. We used the data on the researched countries for the period from 1996 to 2015 collected from official web sites. We have found that export from Turkey to the CATRs and Turkey's ECI scores have a long-term relationship. Additionally, there is a unidirectional causality relationship from Turkey's export to the CATRs to Turkey's ECI score and from the CATRs' ECI scores to the CATRs' export to Turkey. To sum up, our findings support the hypothesis that higher trade volume between Turkey and the CATRs increases the export of complex products for both sides. Based on the results, stronger mutual trade relations increase the total gain not only for Turkey but for the CATRs, too. Lastly, in future studies, we plan to cover all Post-Soviet countries and reveal the relations between bilateral trade and the range of exported products.

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Regional integration in Central Asia: From knowing-that to knowing-how

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Global Challenges and Responses: Agriculture, Economic Globalization, and Environmental Sustainability in Central Asia

Global Challenges and Responses: Agriculture, Economic Globalization, and Environmental Sustainability in Central Asia

‘Not here for geopolitical interests or games’: the EU’s 2019 strategy and the regional and inter-regional competition for Central Asia

The Relationship Between Economic Complexity Index and Export: the Case of Turkey and Central Asian and Turkic Republics

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