Regional neurotransmitter responses after acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock

Glue, Paul; Mj, Costello; Pert, Agu; Mele, Andrea; Nutt, DJ

doi:10.1007/bf02245791

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Glue et al (1990) reported a comparable increase in NA release in frontal cortex. This change in release was only seen after multiple ECS treatment suggesting a similarity with the requirements for therapeutic effectiveness in man.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Two recent reports have used in vivo microdialysis to investigate the effects of acute and chronic ECS on the release of endogenous dopamine from the rat corpus striatum (Glue et al, 1990;Zis et al, 1991 (Thomas & Holman, 1991a,b Paxinos & Watson (1986). Body temperature was maintained at 37.5°C by use of a rectal probe and heating blanket.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock on noradrenaline release in the rat hippocampus and frontal cortex

Thomas

Nutt

Holman

1992

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in the extracellular content of endogenous noradrenaline (NA) in frontal cortex and hippocampus were determined by in vivo microdialysis following acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in rats anaesthetized with chloral hydrate. Basal release of NA in the frontal cortex (4.9 ± 0.3 pg/sample) did not differ significantly from that in the hippocampus (4.6 ± 0.2 pg/sample). A single ECS resulted in an increase of NA release in the hippocampus (21.1 ± 1.3 pg/sample) and in the frontal cortex (11.6 ± 1.2 pg/sample). In both brain regions extracellular NA had returned to basal values within 30 min. Animals were treated chronically with ECS (once per day for seven days). Twenty‐four h later (day 8), basal release of NA into dialysis samples from the frontal cortex was significantly increased (50%) as compared to chronic sham controls. Basal release in the hippocampus was not significantly different from the sham controls. In the chronic ECS animals the increase in NA released in both brain areas following an ECS on day 8 did not differ from either the chronic sham controls or from animals given acute ECS. Animals were challenged 24 h after eight ECS or sham control treatments (once per day) with the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, idazoxan (10 mg kg−1, s.c). Idazoxan increased NA release in the hippocampus in both groups. There was no difference in the magnitude of the response in ECS‐ and in sham‐treated rats. In the frontal cortex, idazoxan increased the extracellular NA content in the chronic sham controls, but the response to idazoxan was significantly attenuated in the chronic ECS animals. Chronic but not acute ECS was found to elicit a sustained (> 24 h) increase in the release of NA in the frontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. The idazoxan data suggest that the increase may be due to a downregulation of presynaptic α2‐adrenoceptors in the frontal cortex. The difference in response of these two brain regions to chronic ECS is discussed in terms of differences in the regulation of extracellular NA content by uptake and autoreceptor activation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock on noradrenaline release in the rat hippocampus and frontal cortex

Thomas

Nutt

Holman

1992

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a consequence of a single ECS, NE synthesis is stimulated in the LC and its terminal fields (14) and a rapid, shortlasting increase in TH enzyme activity is induced ( 15,16 increase in TH mRNA levels, a twofold increase in the LC measured 24 h after ECS, is much larger in magnitude and longer in duration than thiat produced by acute stress (5,17,18) or reserpine admninistration (19), treatments which stimulate NE…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated electroconvulsive shock produces long-lasting increases in messenger RNA expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone and tyrosine hydroxylase in rat brain. Therapeutic implications.

Brady

Lynn²,

Glowa³

et al. 1994

J. Clin. Invest.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is a highly effective therapy for the treatment of major depression, but its mechanisms of action are not known. We report that repeated ECS in rats produces enduring changes in two clinically relevant stress-responsive brain systems: (a) the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus; and (b) the NE system in the locus coeruleus regulated by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). CRH and TH mRNA levels in these brain regions were assessed by in situ hybridization histochemistry. A single interaural ECS elevated TH but not CRH mRNA measured 24 h later. Repeated daily treatments (3, 7, or 14) elevated both mRNAs, maximally with 7, correlating with the time course of clinical efficacy. The elevations persisted for 3 (CRH) or 8 wk (TH) after the ECS. No other therapeutic treatment is known to produce such longlasting changes in central nervous system gene expression. The time course of events (delayed onset, long duration) implicate CRH as a principal mediator of the antidepressant effects of ECS. The locus coeruleus-NE system may be important in initiating the central nervous system response. (J. Clin. Invest. 1994.94:1263-1268

show abstract

“…In various animal models it is reported that there is an acute elevation in the brain content of dopamine and with each ECS 11,12 ; there is also an increase in D 1 -receptor density in the region of rat brain 13 . This explains the above observations in our present study.…”

Section: Ecs Effect On Monoamine Mediated Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

IJPSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives:To obtain the data regarding the effects of sodium valproate on enhancement of monoamines mediated behavioural responses following administration of ECS for ten days to rats. Methods: Forty rats were selected for the study in which tonic-clonic seizures were developed fully after giving single maximal electroconvulsive shock (150V, 210mA). Four groups (n= ten in each) were received different treatment(duration= Ten days) 1) Control group-distilled water (2ml daily) 2) ECS pretreated group-single ECS daily 3) Valproate group-valproate suspension(5.4 mg/kg/day, p.o.) 4) Test group-Single ECS daily + valproate suspension one hour after ECS((5.4mg/kg/day, p.o.). Following behavioural studies were done on Day eleven -apomorphine induced stereotypy, lithium induced head twitches and clonidine induced sedation to study dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic functions respectively. Results: All Three scores i.e. apomorphine induced stereotypy; lithium induced head twitches and clonidine induced sedation were statistically significantly increased in ECS pretreated group as compared to control group. Apomorphine induced stereotypy score & lithium induced head twitches were statistically significantly decreased in test group as compared to ECS pretreated group. However there was no statistically significant difference in the clonidine induced sedation score between ECS pretreated and test group. Conclusion: ECS for ten days significantly enhanced the dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic mediated responses mimicking the role of ECT in treatment of depression. Sodium valproate decreases the activity of dopaminergic, serotonergic system and has no significant effect on noradrenergic system. This may play a role in therapeutic efficacy of valproate in various other CNS diseases.

show abstract

Regional neurotransmitter responses after acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock

Cited by 53 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock on noradrenaline release in the rat hippocampus and frontal cortex

Effects of acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock on noradrenaline release in the rat hippocampus and frontal cortex

Repeated electroconvulsive shock produces long-lasting increases in messenger RNA expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone and tyrosine hydroxylase in rat brain. Therapeutic implications.

Untitled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About