Regional planning approaches to tourism development: the case of Turkey

Tosun, Cevat; Jenkins, Carson L.

doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(96)00069-6

Cited by 100 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Hence, it is not easy to persuade governments in developing countries to delegate its various powers to regional or local authorities. For example, since the late 1950s and early 1960s decentralization has been advocated and tried in practice, but the overall results were not always satisfactory (Tosun & Jenkins, 1996). Moreover, many developing countries such as India, Mexico, Thailand and Turkey have a strong central government that has practiced administrative tutelage on local government.…”

Section: E Centralization Of Public Administration Of Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the general public is in need of information which may allow it to participate in the TDP in a more informed manner. For example, Tosun and Jenkins (1996) argued in relation to Turkey that The Ministry of Tourism and the bodies responsible for authorisation of tourism investment and incentives are not accessible for the majority of indigenous people in local tourist destinations. They are accessible for the rich and educated elites.…”

Section: E Lack Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low status, unskilled jobs associated with low wages and hard working conditions have been left for members of destination communities who were working on farms or for those unskilled people who moved from less developed parts of the country in order to work in the construction of the tourism industry, and then have become cheap labour input. This has not only limited the participation of local people in tourism, it has also created a cultural backlash between local people and the seasonal workers and increased the burden on public services (Inskeep & Kallenberger, 1992;Long, 1991;Tosun & Jenkins, 1996).…”

Section: E Lack Of Trained Human Resources: Andmost Economistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries

2000

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This study deals with a normative concept of participatory development approach, which originates in the developed world. In particular, it analyses and explains the limitations to the participatory tourism development approach in the context of developing countries. It was found that there are operational, structural and cultural limits to community participation in the TDP in many developing countries although they do not equally exist in every tourist destination. Moreover, while these limits tend to exhibit higher intensity and greater persistence in the developing world than in the developed world, they appear to be a re#ection of prevailing socio-political, economic and cultural structure in many developing countries. On the other hand, it was also found that although these limitations may vary over time according to types, scale and levels of tourism development, the market served, and cultural attributes of local communities, forms and scale of tourism developed are beyond the control of local communities. It concludes that formulating and implementing the participatory tourism development approach requires a total change in sociopolitical, legal, administrative and economic structure of many developing countries, for which hard political choices and logical decisions based on cumbersome social, economic and environmental trade-o!s are sine qua non alongside deliberate help, collaboration and co-operation of major international donor agencies, NGOs, international tour operators and multinational companies.

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Section: E Centralization Of Public Administration Of Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Lack Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Lack Of Trained Human Resources: Andmost Economistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries

2000

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“…However, as Tosun and Jenkins (1996) observe, despite countless attempts a satisfactory definition has not been formulated. According to Smith (1995), regions can be categorised into three: (1) a-priori regions, in which boundaries have already been created and assigned names, for example a named province or district, (2) homogeneous regions defined by objective sets of internal similarities, and (3) functional regions-areas with a high degree of internal interaction, for example an area with high intra-business transactions.…”

Section: The Concept Of a Tourist Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While national governments should take a leading role in establishing tourism policy that reflects the overall development goal of the country, including coordinating the tourism marketing campaigns and broad-based product development that play such an important role in shaping tourism demand and behaviour (WTO, 1994;Milne and Ateljevic, 2001), local or regional authorities still have a role to play in developing tourism in their respective areas. As noted by Tosun and Jenkins (1996), unless there is a mechanism to manage and control tourism development at sub-national level, tourism growth may not be sustainable enough to contribute to national development, although it may continue to contribute to the balance of payments. However, in many countries, local regions through their local authorities have not been closely involved in tourism and have little experience of its planning, development and management (UNEP, 2003).…”

Section: Tourism and Regional Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

From National to Regional Tourism Development Focus in Kenya: Examining the Challenges and Opportunities

Ndivo

Waudo

Waswa

2013

Tourism Planning & Development

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Despite Kenya's unique combination of tourist attractions spread throughout the country, the tourism activity in the country has always been almost exclusively centred on two geographical regions: the coastal beaches and a handful of game reserves and national parks. The goal of this study was thus to examine the reasons for the country's skewed tourism development and explore strategies of addressing the skew. The study was primarily based on documentary review of existing empirical and official government reports and other related documents. The study revealed key factors as being responsible for the lopsided development of Kenya's tourism. First and foremost, the country's tourism development policy proved to be a leading obstacle to the development of the country's tourist attractions and regions. Further, the centralised focus of Kenya's tourism planning, governance and marketing was also noted as being responsible for the skewed tourism development in the country. In addition, there was an evident lack of consensus on the demarcation of the different tourist regions in the country by the key tourism development agencies and stakeholders. It was also noted that Kenya lacks a tourism master plan, a roadmap to guide the development of the industry. Other factors included lack of awareness of the different attractions in the country and the passive role of tourism marketers in packaging and promoting the different tourist attractions in the country, only concentrating on the traditionally popular ones. The study thus recommends the adoption of a regional tourism development focus in Kenya that would facilitate the development and positioning of the different tourist attractions and regions as destinations on their own right. Unlike the centralised approach, this model would recognise the varied needs, level of maturity and vision of each region and be supported within the context of the existing national and county framework.

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Sustainability of Tourism Development in Macao, China

Wan

2011

Journal of Tourism Research

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To maximize the benefits to stakeholders in Macao, the sustainability of Macao tourism was examined by assessing the economic, socio‐cultural and environmental impacts of tourism, visitor satisfaction and the level of community involvement in local tourism planning from 2002 to 2009, through the use of primary and secondary data. The results revealed that tourism did bring both positive and negative impacts to the community. Visitor satisfaction was found to be moderate. Channels for community participation in local tourism development were also lacking. The paper suggests that for sustainable tourism development, Macao needs to diversify away from its casino industry, to speed up the construction of the public transport system and to keep monitoring the environmental conditions, the students' drop‐out and crime rate and the locals' quality of life. More importantly, a master plan for its tourism development integrating all the key stakeholders' interests is urgently required. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Regional planning approaches to tourism development: the case of Turkey

Cited by 100 publications

References 14 publications

Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries

Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries

From National to Regional Tourism Development Focus in Kenya: Examining the Challenges and Opportunities

Sustainability of Tourism Development in Macao, China

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