Regional <scp>LV</scp> deformation in healthy individuals during isovolumetric contraction and ejection phases assessed by 2<scp>D</scp> speckle tracking echocardiography

Hodt, Anders; Stugaard, Marie; Hisdal, Jonny; Stranden, Einar; Atar, Dan; Steine, Kjetil

doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.2012.01139.x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the present study we show that young healthy smokers with no additional risk factors for atherosclerosis present a pattern of altered LV strain during physical exercise, in addition to having increased markers and mediators of inflammation, including increased CRP, fibrinogen and IL-6 plasma levels, and altered arterial stiffness indices at baseline. Although strain values during exercise were substantially within a range reported as "normal", following the current literature [36][37][38] , at each time-point in both groups, smokers presented lower (worse) values of GLS, GCS and twist with respect to controls. In particular, despite the time-course curves of GCS showed a behaviour similar to controls, even if on the edge of the normal range, the curve of GLS showed a trend markedly different, as to suggest a delayed adaptation of the heart to acute hemodynamic overload.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Abnormal left ventricular global strain during exercise-test in young healthy smokers

Mandraffino

Imbalzano

Gullo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Background. it is unknown how much precociously the cigarette smoking (cS) may compromise the integrity of the cardiovascular (cV) system. Myocardial function can be routinely assessed by conventional echocardiography, but abnormalities are only detected when somewhat a remodelling has already occurred. these limitations could be overcome by strain imaging. Methods. We evaluated whether young smokers with normal left ventricular (LV) geometry, wall motion and ejection fraction may present abnormalities in myocardial deformation, both at rest and during physical effort. We selected 50 young smokers with no additional CV risk factors, and 60 non-smokers to undergo a standardized exercise-test. consistently, we evaluated the cV adaptation to exercise by both conventional echocardiography and speckle-tracking analysis (2D-STE). Results. We found no difference between smokers and controls regarding baseline characteristics; as expected, smokers presented with lower HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.005), and higher fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (p < 0.001). Conventional echocardiography parameters were not different between groups, while we detected a different behaviour of global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and twist by 2D-STE during exercise-test. Indeed, GLS, GCS and twist behaved differently during exercise test in smokers with respect to controls. We found an association between CS, inflammation and LV mechanics changes uncovered by physical effort, and regression analysis confirmed that the intensity of the exposure to cigarette smoking, together with the inflammatory status (CRP, fibrinogen and Il-6) plasma levels, drive this impairment. Conclusions. We confirm strain imaging (2D-STE) as a very useful tool to identify early changes in cardiac mechanics, as adaptation to exercise; our findings may reflect a very precocious functional abnormality in active smokers, likely long before structural damage occurs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Abnormal left ventricular global strain during exercise-test in young healthy smokers

Mandraffino

Imbalzano

Gullo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Some myocytes contract isotonically, some isometrically whilst others contract eccentrically [2,91,92,94]. Therefore, even though the ventricular volume does not change substantially, the ventricle chamber geometry changes considerably [2,94,[96][97][98]. Consequently, compared to a static heart, the position of the cardiac electrical sources, the distance of the ventricles from the body surface and the varying anisotropic conductivity due to MEF are altered in a mechanically contracting heart; hence, there was a 1.95% decrease in QRS duration without I sac .…”

Section: Mechanistic Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the Frank-Starling law, with the increased stretch of the myocardial fibers during diastole by I sac , contractility would increase [2,94,99]. During the T-wave, ventricular contraction attains a maximum, after which ventricular pressure declines with ventricular repolarisation causing a decline in the active force of the myocytes [2,94,[96][97][98]. The ventricular pressure during this period is ~30% greater than during the QRS complex [2,94,[96][97][98].…”

Section: Mechanistic Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the T-wave, ventricular contraction attains a maximum, after which ventricular pressure declines with ventricular repolarisation causing a decline in the active force of the myocytes [2,94,[96][97][98]. The ventricular pressure during this period is ~30% greater than during the QRS complex [2,94,[96][97][98]. Therefore, during contraction, the aforementioned changes in ventricular geometry, the distance of the ventricles from the body surface and the varying anisotropic conductivity due to MEF are altered markedly compared to a static heart.…”

Section: Mechanistic Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of cardiac ventricular mechanical contraction on the characteristics of the ECG: A simulation study

Adeniran¹,

Hancox²,

Zhang³

2013

JBiSE

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Introduction: The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)is the most widely-used tool for the detection and diagnosis of cardiac conditions including myocardial infarction and ischemia. It has therefore been a focus of cardiac modeling. However, the most contemporary in silico ECG investigations of the intact heart have assumed a static heart and ignored the mechanical contraction that is an essential component of cardiac function. The aim of this study was to utilize electromechanically coupled human ventricle models to explore the consequences of ventricular mechanical contraction on the ECG profiles. Methods and Results: Biophysically detailed human ventricular cell models incorporating contractile activity and a stretchactivated current (I sac ) were incorporated into a 3D human ventricular model within a human torso, from which 12-lead ECGs were computed at a stimulation rate of 1 Hz. Compared to the static model, ventricular contraction without I sac had little effect on the QRS complex, but shifted the T-wave peak leftwards and reduced its peak amplitude. With I sac , ventricular mechanical contraction increased the QRS duration by 23% and QT interval by 5%. Conclusion: Mechanical contraction of the heart has a significant effect on the morphology and characteristics of the ECG particularly on the T-wave. The alteration of the cell membrane kinetics by stretch via I sac further exacerbates these effects. Our simulation data suggest that mechanical contraction should be considered in the interpretation of ECGs in pathological conditions, especially those in which mechanical contraction of the heart is impaired.

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Evaluating Local Contractions from Large Deformations Using Affine Invariant Spectral Geometry

Raviv

Lessick

Raskar

2015

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Regional LV deformation in healthy individuals during isovolumetric contraction and ejection phases assessed by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Abnormal left ventricular global strain during exercise-test in young healthy smokers

Abnormal left ventricular global strain during exercise-test in young healthy smokers

Effect of cardiac ventricular mechanical contraction on the characteristics of the ECG: A simulation study

Evaluating Local Contractions from Large Deformations Using Affine Invariant Spectral Geometry

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