Regional Security Assessment of Integrated Energy Systems with Renewables in China: A Grid-Connected Perspective

Abstract

Stable and reliable integrated energy systems are one of the major issues related to sustainable regional and national energy development. Because most existing studies are conducted on whole countries, few address the effects of regional interaction and renewable energy. Therefore, a natural disaster risk assessment model (NDRAM) combined with spatial models is used as a general systematic tool to assess and resolve regional energy security, based on a framework of resources, generation, transmission, marketing and consumption, with 17 metrics. In particular, energy systems were treated as organic connected-units and their security status was regarded as a combined result of potential hazard and system vulnerability. The proposed method was applied to evaluate and classify the security situation of 31 Chinese provinces in 2016. The results showed that transmission had the most significant impact among five major risk sources. The closer grid connections have a stronger ability to deal with risks among regions, where renewables consumption could be better stimulated cross-regionally. In terms of a regional perspective, there is still a gap among different regions, and eastern China presented higher energy risk status. The most energy-hazard provinces are mainly in the east provinces with well-developed levels in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. The least energy-vulnerable provinces are mainly in the abundant natural resources regions such as Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Xinjiang. The NDRAM-based general model provides a systematic tool for quantitative assessment of regional energy security with a full accounting of regional interaction and renewable energy issues, which may help to develop clean energy, optimize system infrastructure and improve scientific management.

Conceptual Design of a Semi-Automatic Process Line for Recycling Photovoltaic Panels as a Way to Ecological Sustainable Production

“…Photovoltaic installations are very popular because they are available to most people, and their installation does not require as much capital as in the case of installations using other renewable energy sources which is confirmed by many authors in their works [1][2][3][4][5]. In addition, along with the development of technology, they are becoming cheaper and more effective way to obtain electricity [6][7][8]. Currently, little attention is paid to the problem of recycling waste generated as a result of the development of the photovoltaic industry, but in the coming years it may turn out to be a big mistake.…”

Quantitative Assessment of Energy Supply Security: Korea Case Study

“…The main themes of energy supply security have changed slightly as the interests of society, technology trends, and geopolitical and economic situations change. The definition of energy supply security has been represented by a number of factors such as availability [12,13], infrastructure [13], energy price [12,14,15], environment [15][16][17], efficiency [15,18,19], social effects [17], and governance [19]. These definitions have even varied depending on the target application domains and their detailed subjects.…”

“…From a more specific and comparative perspective, many studies have been conducted at regional and national levels [13,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Le et al [24] reported the different levels of energy insecurity in Asia, focusing on 12 variables such as CO 2 emissions, CO 2 intensity, energy imports, energy intensity, energy use, fossil fuel energy consumption, and renewable energy consumption.…”

“…Narula et al [28] introduced India's multi-dimensional sustainable energy security using 23 metrics considering availability, affordability, efficiency, and acceptability. Zhao and Yang [13] introduced a regional energy security assessment focusing on integrated systems with renewables in China. Malik et al [29] analyzed Pakistan's energy security under the 4-A framework, namely availability, applicability, acceptability, and affordability over the six years.…”

The Central American Power System: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities for a Green Transition

“…For instance, despite the high dependence on fossil fuels, Australia has achieved a model of transition of the energy system, promoting it towards more renewable resources. In the same way, China has set goals to be a green economy and resilient, as indicated in [2,3]. A green transition in the Central America region requires introducing novel policies and technology to consider all the region's power sector dimensions.…”