Modern optical design methods pursue achieving zero aberrations in optical imaging
systems by adding lenses, which also leads to increased structural
complexity of imaging systems. For given optical imaging systems,
directly reducing the number of lenses would result in a decrease in
design degrees of freedom. Even if the simplified imaging system can
satisfy the basic first-order imaging parameters, it lacks sufficient
design degrees of freedom to constrain aberrations to maintain the
clear imaging quality. Therefore, in order to address the issue of
image quality defects in the simplified imaging system, with support
of computational imaging technology, we proposed a simplified
spherical optical imaging system design method. The method adopts an
optical-algorithm joint design strategy to design a simplified optical
system to correct partial aberrations and combines a reconstruction
algorithm based on the ResUNet++ network to correct residual
aberrations, achieving mutual compensation correction of aberrations
between the optical system and the algorithm. We validated our method
on a two-lens optical imaging system and compared the imaging
performance with that of a three-lens optical imaging system with
similar first-order imaging parameters. The imaging results show that
the quality of reconstructed images of the two-lens imaging system has
improved (SSIM improved 13.94%, PSNR improved 21.28%), and the quality
of the reconstructed image is close to the quality of the direct
imaging results of the three-lens optical imaging system.