Regional Variability of Megabenthic Community Structure across the Canadian Arctic

Roy, Virginie; Iken, Katrin; Archambault, Philippe

doi:10.14430/arctic4486

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Gamma richness was consistently higher for species collections methods (432 genera identified) than for eDNA (202 genera detected), and there was variation between sampling approaches among ports. Howland, P. Archambault, N. Simard and R. Young, unpublished data) and published information (Cusson, Archambault, & Aitken, 2007;Goldsmit et al, 2014;Link, Chaillou, Forest, Piepenburg, & Archambault, 2013;López et al, 2016;Olivier, San Martín, & Archambault, 2013;Piepenburg et al, 2011;Roy, Iken, & Archambault, 2015;Young, McCauley, Galetti, & Dirzo, 2016). Although a substantial collective number of organisms were detected, few genera were shared between eDNA and species collections (Churchill 15%, Deception Bay 15%, and Iqaluit 9%).…”

Section: Arctic Coastal Gamma Diversitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…TA B L E 1 Summary of the numbers of reads, the proportion of species and genera present in the historic (i.e., previously described from) Arctic database, and the mean number of OTUs for the COI primer set and the 18S primer set that are assigned and nonassigned on BOLD and SILVA for each harbor Note: The list of described species in the Arctic was obtained by pooling various species databases (N = 1,054 species; K.L. Howland, P. Archambault, N. Simard and R. Young, unpublished data) and published information (Cusson, Archambault, & Aitken, 2007;Goldsmit et al, 2014;Link, Chaillou, Forest, Piepenburg, & Archambault, 2013;López et al, 2016;Olivier, San Martín, & Archambault, 2013;Piepenburg et al, 2011;Roy, Iken, & Archambault, 2015;Young, McCauley, Galetti, & Dirzo, 2016). The same phyla were generally present among the three ports,…”

Section: Arctic Coastal Gamma Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing eDNA metabarcoding and species collection for documenting Arctic metazoan biodiversity

et al. 2019

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Background: Arctic biodiversity has long been poorly documented and is now facing rapid transformations due to ongoing climate change and other impacts, including shipping activities. These changes are placing marine coastal invertebrate communities at greater risk, especially in sensitive areas such as commercial ports. Preserving biodiversity is a significant challenge, going far beyond the protection of charismatic species and involving suitable knowledge of the spatiotemporal organization of species. Therefore, knowledge of alpha, beta, and gamma biodiversity is of great importance to achieve this objective, particularly when partnered with new cost-effective approaches to monitor biodiversity. Method and results:This study compares metabarcoding of COI mitochondrial and 18S rRNA genes from environmental DNA (eDNA) water samples with standard invertebrate species collection methods to document community patterns at multiple spatial scales. Water samples (250 ml) were collected at three different depths within three Canadian Arctic ports: Churchill, MB; Iqaluit, NU; and Deception Bay, QC. From these samples, 202 genera distributed across more than 15 phyla were detected using eDNA metabarcoding, of which only 9%-15% were also identified through species collection at the same sites. Significant differences in taxonomic richness and community composition were observed between eDNA and species collections at both local and regional scales. This study shows that eDNA dispersion in the Arctic Ocean reduces beta diversity in comparison with species collections while emphasizing the importance of pelagic life stages for eDNA detection. Conclusion:The study also highlights the potential of eDNA metabarcoding to assess large-scale Arctic marine invertebrate diversity while emphasizing that eDNA and species collection should be considered as complementary tools to provide a more holistic picture of coastal marine invertebrate communities. K E Y W O R D SArctic, beta diversity, biodiversity, eDNA, marine invertebrates, metabarcoding | 343 LEDUC Et aL.

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Section: Arctic Coastal Gamma Diversitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Arctic Coastal Gamma Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing eDNA metabarcoding and species collection for documenting Arctic metazoan biodiversity

et al. 2019

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“…The primer sequences and sequence databases were also evaluated in silico for their ability to detect native and potential nonindigenous Arctic metazoans. A list of recorded coastal Arctic metazoans was obtained by pooling all Arctic species databases that we had access to ( N total = 897 metazoan identified at the species level; Fisheries and Oceans Canada Arctic Marine Invertebrate Database (Supporting Information Appendix ), Archambault unpublished data, Cusson, Archambault, and Aitken (), Goldsmit, ; Goldsmit, Howland, & Archambault, ; K. Howland, P. Archambault, N. Simard and R Young, unpublished data, Piepenburg et al., ; Link, Piepenburg, & Archambault, ; López, Olivier, Grant, & Archambault, ; Olivier, San Martín, & Archambault, ; Roy, Iken, & Archambault, ; Young, Abbott, Therriault, & Adamowicz, ). Potential NIS invaders ( N = 130 species) were targeted based on (1) screening level risk assessments and predictive species distribution models indicating they were high risk (Goldsmit et al., ), (2) their presence in ports connected to the Canadian Arctic, and/or (3) their presence in ballast waters and hulls of ships based on monitoring at Canadian Arctic ports (Chan, MacIsaac, & Bailey, ; Chan et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

eDNA metabarcoding as a new surveillance approach for coastal Arctic biodiversity

Lacoursière‐Roussel

Howland

Normandeau

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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176

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Because significant global changes are currently underway in the Arctic, creating a large‐scale standardized database for Arctic marine biodiversity is particularly pressing. This study evaluates the potential of aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to detect Arctic coastal biodiversity changes and characterizes the local spatio‐temporal distribution of eDNA in two locations. We extracted and amplified eDNA using two COI primer pairs from ~80 water samples that were collected across two Canadian Arctic ports, Churchill and Iqaluit, based on optimized sampling and preservation methods for remote regions surveys. Results demonstrate that aquatic eDNA surveys have the potential to document large‐scale Arctic biodiversity change by providing a rapid overview of coastal metazoan biodiversity, detecting nonindigenous species, and allowing sampling in both open water and under the ice cover by local northern‐based communities. We show that DNA sequences of ~50% of known Canadian Arctic species and potential invaders are currently present in public databases. A similar proportion of operational taxonomic units was identified at the species level with eDNA metabarcoding, for a total of 181 species identified at both sites. Despite the cold and well‐mixed coastal environment, species composition was vertically heterogeneous, in part due to river inflow in the estuarine ecosystem, and differed between the water column and tide pools. Thus, COI‐based eDNA metabarcoding may quickly improve large‐scale Arctic biomonitoring using eDNA, but we caution that aquatic eDNA sampling needs to be standardized over space and time to accurately evaluate community structure changes.

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“…The smaller-bodied O. sericeum, with a maximum disc diameter of 18 mm, is a circumpolar species found in various habitats north of 40° N (Piepenburg 2000). Ophiocten sericeum is especially abundant in interior shelves, such as the central Beaufort shelf and Laptev Sea , Roy et al 2015, Ravelo et al 2015). On the central Beaufort Sea shelf, the average abundance of epibenthic invertebrates per station was four ind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and production of the brittle stars Ophiura sarsii and Ophiocten sericeum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Ravelo

Konar

Bluhm

et al. 2017

Continental Shelf Research

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Dense brittle star assemblages dominate vast areas of the Arctic marine shelves, making them key components of Arctic ecosystem. This study is the first to determine the population dynamics of the dominant shelf brittle star species, Ophiura sarsii and Ophiocten sericeum, through age determination, individual production and total turnover rate (P:B). In the summer of 2013, O. sarsii were collected in the northeastern Chukchi Sea (depth 35 to 65 m), while O. sericeum were collected in the central Beaufort Sea (depth 37 to 200 m). Maximum age was higher for O. sarsii than for O. sericeum (27 and 20 years, respectively); however, both species live longer than temperate region congeners. Growth curves for both species had similar initial fast growth, with an inflection period followed by a second phase of fast growth. Predation avoidance in addition to changes in the allocation of energy may be the mechanisms responsible for the observed age dependent growth rates. Individual production was higher for O. sarsii than for O. sericeum by nearly an order of magnitude throughout the size spectra. The distinct distribution pattern of the two species in the Alaskan Arctic may be determined by environmental characteristics such as system productivity. Both species had equally low turnover rates (0.2 and 0.1, respectively), similar to Antarctic species, but lower than temperate species. Such characteristics suggest that the dense brittle star assemblages that characterize the Arctic shelf system could have a recovery time from disturbance on the order of decades.

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Regional Variability of Megabenthic Community Structure across the Canadian Arctic

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

Comparing eDNA metabarcoding and species collection for documenting Arctic metazoan biodiversity

Comparing eDNA metabarcoding and species collection for documenting Arctic metazoan biodiversity

eDNA metabarcoding as a new surveillance approach for coastal Arctic biodiversity

Growth and production of the brittle stars Ophiura sarsii and Ophiocten sericeum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

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