Regional zonation based on seismic vulnerability using local site effect analysis and potential damage to the city of Medan (North Sumatra, Indonesia) due to earthquake

Abstract

Background Microzonation becomes important for big cities like Medan (North Sumatra, Indonesia) as population agglomeration increases in urban areas resulting in rapid and unplanned construction. Mitigation efforts must be carried out to minimize losses arising from earthquakes, such as loss of life and environmental damage, and it can be done by analyzing seismic susceptibility and local site effects. Purpose This study analyzes the potential for environmental damage caused by seismic hazards in the city of Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the definition and methodology of seismic–geotechnical hazard zoning and the methodology used for making seismic hazard maps with the case study of Medan City. Methods While determining the zoning, microzonation measurements and environmental data parameters are involved. To obtain comprehensive results, microzonation measurements were carried out using three methods, namely the Multichannel Seismic Analysis Surface Wave (MASW), Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC), and Horizontal-To-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) with 200 measuring points spread throughout the city of Medan. Parameter weighting values such as population, site class, seismic susceptibility, dominant period, land cover, slope, and weather class were obtained using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Results We presented the result of the survey, including the MASW, SPAC, and HVSR results. In general, medium soil and soft soil dominate almost all areas of Medan city. The estimated depth of engineering bedrock is at a depth of about 291.33 – 735.87 meters from the ground surface. The dominant period values ranged from 0.0907 s to 8.30723 s. Conclusions We classified Medan City (North Sumatra) into several zones, based on their seismic vulnerability using local site effect analysis and potential damage due to earthquakes. This study is necessary for future seismic hazard assessment.

Earthquake detection in mountainous homes using the internet of things connected to photovoltaic energy supply

“…Several cases that often occur due to fatalities, namely the unconsciousness of the occupants of the house due to an earthquake such as being at work, falling asleep and also not having an alarm at home so that the owner of the house is complacent so he cannot run out of the house [4]- [7]. North Sumatra is an area where earthquakes frequently occur due to Mount Sinabung [8], [9]. The occurrence of eruptions due to volcanic eruptions also affects the health of the local community which will endanger the people who live around Mount Sinabung [10].…”