Reactions
of styrylmalonates with aromatic aldehydes in the presence
of Lewis and Brønsted acids and their regularities have been
studied in detail. Approaches to the synthesis of various polysubstituted
5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones, indenes, aryl-containing dienes and trienes,
cyclopentadienes, and polycyclic lactones have been developed with
chemo-, regio-, stereo-, and diastereoselectivity control. The mechanisms
of these reactions were studied in depth using multinuclear NMR experiments,
monitoring the reactions in the NMR tube, and 18O isotope
labeling.