Regiospecific Cellulose Orientation and Anisotropic Mechanical Property in Plant Cell Walls

Lee, Jongcheol; Choi, Juseok; Feng, Luyi; Yu, Jingyi; Zheng, Yunzhen; Zhang, Qian; Lin, Yen-Ting; Sah, Saroj; Gu, Ying; Zhang, Sulin; Cosgrove, Daniel J.; Kim, Seong H.

doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00538

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 60 publications

(186 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The beam size (200 µm wide × 50 µm tall) was large enough to cover about two cells in the unstretched state. This could be from the bimodal alignment of cellulose crystals in the thin anticlinal (side) walls [ 23,24 ] or a small percentage of microfibrils in the periclinal (flat) walls. [ 25 ] Overall, the X‐ray intensities as a function of polar angle in unstretched walls are consistent with a cell wall structure that is dominated by multiple lamellae with random cellulose microfibril orientation, [ 5,10 ] although the modest enhancement of scattering intensities separated by 90° could indicate a subtle preference for a bimodal cellulose orientation, or a small region of the sample that exhibits a predominant bimodal orientation, similarly to a previous report.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Structural Change of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls under Strain

Yu,

Del Mundo,

Freychet

et al. 2024

Small

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The molecular foundations of epidermal cell wall mechanics are critical for understanding structure–function relationships of primary cell walls in plants and facilitating the design of bioinspired materials. To uncover the molecular mechanisms regulating the high extensibility and strength of the cell wall, the onion epidermal wall is stretched uniaxially to various strains and cell wall structures from mesoscale to atomic scale are characterized. Upon longitudinal stretching to high strain, epidermal walls contract in the transverse direction, resulting in a reduced area. Atomic force microscopy shows that cellulose microfibrils exhibit orientation‐dependent rearrangements at high strains: longitudinal microfibrils are straightened out and become highly ordered, while transverse microfibrils curve and kink. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering detects a 7.4 nm spacing aligned along the stretch direction at high strain, which is attributed to distances between individual cellulose microfibrils. Furthermore, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals a widening of (004) lattice spacing and contraction of (200) lattice spacing in longitudinally aligned cellulose microfibrils at high strain, which implies longitudinal stretching of the cellulose crystal. These findings provide molecular insights into the ability of the wall to bear additional load after yielding: the aggregation of longitudinal microfibrils impedes sliding and enables further stretching of the cellulose to bear increased loads.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Structural Change of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls under Strain

Yu,

Del Mundo,

Freychet

et al. 2024

Small

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Brillouin light scattering microscopy reveals micro-mechanical inhomogeneities of the apple fruit cuticle

Landes,

Khanal,

Bethge

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cuticle is a polymeric membrane covering all plant aerial organs of primary origin. It regulates water loss and defends against environmental stressors and pathogens. Despite its significance, understanding the micro-mechanical properties of the cuticle (cuticular membrane; CM) remains limited. In this study, non-invasive Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectroscopy was applied to probe the micro-mechanics of native CM, dewaxed CM (DCM), and isolated cutin matrix (CU) of mature apple fruit. The Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) decreased significantly with wax extraction from the CM and further decreased with polysaccharide extraction from the DCM, consistent with tensile test results. Spatial heterogeneity was observed by BLS microscopy of the CM, with BFS of the anticlinal region being significantly smaller than that of the periclinal region. In the DCM, BFS was higher in the periclinal than in the anticlinal region, while in the CU, BFS was similar in both regions. The key conclusions are: (1) BLS is sensitive to micro-mechanical variations, particularly stiffness, offering novel insights into the CM’s micro-mechanical behavior and underlying chemical structures; (2) CM exhibits spatial micro-mechanical inhomogeneity, with periclinal regions being stiffer than anticlinal regions, likely due to the heterogeneous distribution of wax and polysaccharides.

show abstract

Mechanics of plant epidermal cell wall: Effect of anisotropic alignment of cellulose microfibrils in the junction region

Lee,

Kim,

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In plants, cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) play a major role in cell wall mechanics. Plant epidermal peels have been widely used as a model system to study the relationship between the CMF arrangement and the mechanical properties of the cell wall. Recently, vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy imaging has discovered that CMFs in the cell-cell junction regions (i.e., edges of each cell) in the periclinal wall are preferentially aligned (anisotropic) perpendicular to the anticlinal plane, while those in the face regions have the crossed-polylamellate (isotropic) structure possessing all possible orientations. Here, we studied the effect of these regiospecific CMF orientations on the tensile properties of peeled plant epidermal cell walls using finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA simulation showed that the anisotropic fibers in the junction region of the elongated hexagonal cells amplified the anisotropy in the mechanical behavior of the wall under tensile stretching and exhibited a strain-dependent Poisson’s ratio with nonlinear mechanical behavior. The SFG analysis suggested that, in the junction region, there are alterations in cellulose chain conformation within CMFs and/or in CMF-CMF bundling upon tensile stretch.

show abstract

Regiospecific Cellulose Orientation and Anisotropic Mechanical Property in Plant Cell Walls

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Dynamic Structural Change of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls under Strain

Dynamic Structural Change of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls under Strain

Brillouin light scattering microscopy reveals micro-mechanical inhomogeneities of the apple fruit cuticle

Mechanics of plant epidermal cell wall: Effect of anisotropic alignment of cellulose microfibrils in the junction region

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About