Registration of ‘Apache’ Arrowleaf Clover

Smith, Gerald R.; Rouquette, F. M.; Pemberton, I. J.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.1018

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…During the past several years, dramatic fl uctuations of fertilizer prices along with high fuel prices have limited profi tability of N-fertilized crop production (Wilcox, 2005). In addition, rather recently developed cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (Bouton et al, 2005a) and arrowleaf clover (Smith et al, 2004) appear to provide enhanced opportunities for clovers in the region. In addition, rather recently developed cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (Bouton et al, 2005a) and arrowleaf clover (Smith et al, 2004) appear to provide enhanced opportunities for clovers in the region.…”

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“…High N fertilizer prices are expected to continue based on continued high fuel prices. In addition, rather recently developed cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (Bouton et al, 2005a) and arrowleaf clover (Smith et al, 2004) appear to provide enhanced opportunities for clovers in the region. Also, recent continuing availability and commercial use of common ball clover (Trifolium nigrescens Viv.)…”

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Contributions of Overseeded Clovers to Bermudagrass Pastures in Several Environments

et al. 2012

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Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], a base forage in southeastern United States livestock production, often fails to meet nutrient requirements of some classes of livestock. Contributions of arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi), ball (Trifolium nigrescens Viv.), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), crimson (Trifolium incarnatum L.), red (Trifolium pratense L.), and white (Trifolium repens L.) clovers to overseeded bermudagrass swards were compared with monoculture bermudagrass receiving 0, 112, or 225 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer on a range of sites. Berseem and crimson clovers produced up to 2.2 Mg ha−1 in March and early April, with berseem particularly reliable on fertile silt loam soils. Red clover was about 3 wk later with growth continuing until July most dependably at the more northern of the loam‐soil locations. Intermediate white clover, although not managed optimally for the species, was a productive late clover only at the southern location. All clovers overseeded on Darley fine sand were unsuccessful both years. Variable responses among clover species and sites from overseeded bermudagrass indicate that this clover production approach is very site specific in the lower southeastern United States.

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Contributions of Overseeded Clovers to Bermudagrass Pastures in Several Environments

et al. 2012

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“…The primary management practices included the reduction of bermudagrass competition in the autumn by lightly disking to a 2‐ to 5‐cm depth for seed establishment. Preinoculated Apache arrowleaf clover (Smith et al, 2004) was planted at 17 kg ha −1 . Annual ryegrass was planted at 34 kg ha −1 and included ‘TAM 90’ (Nelson et al, 1992) in 2002 to 2007, ‘TAMTBO’ (Nelson et al, 2007) in 2008 to 2009, and ‘Nelson’ (Nelson et al, 2011) in 2010 to 2013.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In 1979, a forage breeding program was initiated at the Texas Agriculture Experiment Station (TAES), Overton, to develop improved, disease‐resistant cultivars. ‘Apache’ arrowleaf clover, released by TAES in 2004 (Smith et al, 2004), was developed through multiple cycles of recurrent selection for tolerance to Bean yellow mosaic virus (Pemberton et al, 1989, 1991, 1994) and soil‐borne fungal pathogens such as Pythium ultimum Trow (Pemberton et al, 1998). The release of Apache has restored the utility of arrowleaf clover for livestock production systems in the southern United States.…”

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Long‐Term Forage and Cow–Calf Relationships for Bermudagrass Overseeded with Arrowleaf Clover or Annual Ryegrass Managed at Different Stocking Rates

Rouquette¹,

Santen

Smith³

2018

Crop Science

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Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures are often overseeded with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and/or clovers to extend grazing. The bermudagrass pastures were stocked at three levels of forage mass to quantify cow and calf average daily gain (ADG, gain ha−1) and its relationship with mass and allowance (forage dry matter/animal body weight [DM:BW]). From 2002 through 2013, ‘Coastal’ and common bermudagrass pastures were overseeded with either ‘Apache’ arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.) without N fertilization or annual ryegrass plus N. Calf ADG was greater (P < 0.001) on arrowleaf clover and ryegrass from February to mid‐June (spring) compared with Coastal and common bermudagrass from mid‐June to late September (summer). Calf ADG was similar for bermudagrass pastures in spring, but different (P < 0.001) at all three stocking levels for low (1.42 kg d−1), medium (1.22 kg d−1), or high (0.90 kg d−1) stocking rates. Cow ADG in spring was greater (P < 0.01) for ryegrass (0.41 kg d−1) than for arrowleaf clover (0.22 kg d−1), and at all three stocking levels. In summer, calf ADG was affected by stocking (P < 0.001) at low (1.05 kg d−1), medium (0.81 kg d−1), and high (0.58 kg d−1) stocking rates. Cow ADG in summer varied by stocking level (P < 0.01), bermudagrass pasture (P < 0.04), and stocking level × bermudagrass pasture interaction (P < 0.04). Calf ADG was optimum at 2000 to 2500 kg ha−1 mass in spring, and 3000 to 3500 kg ha−1 mass in summer. Optimum allowance for calves was 1.2 to 1.5 (DM:BW ) in spring and 1.5 to 2.0 in summer. A two‐phase linear relationship best fit mass and allowance with cow and calf ADG for the overall 11 yr.

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