Registration of Gulf Annual Ryegrass<sup>1</sup> (Other Grasses, Reg. No. 8)

Weihing, Ralph M.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1963.0011183x000300040031x

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The high frequency of Sod-1bb plant types in Italian ryegrass, however, would reduce accuracy if Italian ryegrass, such as the cultivar Gulf, is the source of contamination. We tested four lots of Gulf, including LE 284, which was the original progenitor of Gulf (Weihing 1963). Frequencies of the homozygous Sod-1bb genotype ranged from 0.23 to 0.56 for these four seed lots, demonstrating that while the frequency remained high for the cultivar, there is variability among seed lots based on the history of that particular seed source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of superoxide dismutase (Sod-1) in a perennial × annual ryegrass cross and its allelic distribution among cultivars

Warnke

Barker

Brilman³

et al. 2002

Theor Appl Genet

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Identifying annual ryegrass contamination in perennial ryegrass seed lots has been of major interest in seed-testing laboratories and for seed regulatory agencies in the USA for many years. This study was conducted to characterize a superoxide dismutase locus ( Sod-1) and determine its potential to distinguish cultivated ryegrass species. The inheritance of Sod-1 was evaluated in a three-generation annual x perennial ryegrass mapping population and segregation fitted an expected 1:2:1 ratio for a single locus with two alleles. The molecular form of the Sod-1 locus was determined by H(2)O(2) and KCN inhibitor assays which indicated that the Sod-1, and a second independently segregating Sod-2, locus were both Cu/ZnSod enzymes. The common alleles at the Sod-1 locus were scored in 13 annual and 24 perennial ryegrass cultivars to determine the potential of using this locus for species separation. The Sod-1b allele was homozygous in 98% of perennial ryegrass individuals from 24 cultivars, but those not 100% homozygous for Sod-1b were seed lots with unknown contamination from annual ryegrass. These results indicate that the Sod-1b allele in the homozygous condition is a good indicator of perenniality. All eight annual ryegrass cultivars originating in Europe or Asia had a low frequency of Sod-1b homozygous individuals or none at all. The five cultivars originating in the Western Hemisphere, however, had genotype frequencies for homozygous Sod-1b of up to 56%. The potential of the Sod-1 locus to serve as a test to separate the two growth forms depends on the source of the annual-type contamination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of superoxide dismutase (Sod-1) in a perennial × annual ryegrass cross and its allelic distribution among cultivars

Warnke

Barker

Brilman³

et al. 2002

Theor Appl Genet

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“…has been used as one of the primary cool‐season annual grasses for overseeding warm‐season perennial grass pastures in the southern United States. ‘Italian’ or common annual ryegrass was used in the mid‐ to late 1930s and was replaced with ‘Gulf’ annual ryegrass, which was released by TAES in 1958 (Weihing, 1963). Gulf ryegrass was one of the first winter annual grasses used in stocking rate experiments and provided some of the initial documentation of the relationship between gain per animal and gain per unit land area, and the economic implications of using stocker cattle (Riewe, 1961; Riewe et al, 1963; Hildreth and Riewe, 1963).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Forage and Cow–Calf Relationships for Bermudagrass Overseeded with Arrowleaf Clover or Annual Ryegrass Managed at Different Stocking Rates

Rouquette¹,

Santen

Smith³

2018

Crop Science

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Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures are often overseeded with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and/or clovers to extend grazing. The bermudagrass pastures were stocked at three levels of forage mass to quantify cow and calf average daily gain (ADG, gain ha−1) and its relationship with mass and allowance (forage dry matter/animal body weight [DM:BW]). From 2002 through 2013, ‘Coastal’ and common bermudagrass pastures were overseeded with either ‘Apache’ arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.) without N fertilization or annual ryegrass plus N. Calf ADG was greater (P < 0.001) on arrowleaf clover and ryegrass from February to mid‐June (spring) compared with Coastal and common bermudagrass from mid‐June to late September (summer). Calf ADG was similar for bermudagrass pastures in spring, but different (P < 0.001) at all three stocking levels for low (1.42 kg d−1), medium (1.22 kg d−1), or high (0.90 kg d−1) stocking rates. Cow ADG in spring was greater (P < 0.01) for ryegrass (0.41 kg d−1) than for arrowleaf clover (0.22 kg d−1), and at all three stocking levels. In summer, calf ADG was affected by stocking (P < 0.001) at low (1.05 kg d−1), medium (0.81 kg d−1), and high (0.58 kg d−1) stocking rates. Cow ADG in summer varied by stocking level (P < 0.01), bermudagrass pasture (P < 0.04), and stocking level × bermudagrass pasture interaction (P < 0.04). Calf ADG was optimum at 2000 to 2500 kg ha−1 mass in spring, and 3000 to 3500 kg ha−1 mass in summer. Optimum allowance for calves was 1.2 to 1.5 (DM:BW ) in spring and 1.5 to 2.0 in summer. A two‐phase linear relationship best fit mass and allowance with cow and calf ADG for the overall 11 yr.

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“…These diseases can limit production of annual ryegrass (Blount and Prine, 2012). ‘Gulf’ annual ryegrass was released by Texas A&M University in 1958 (Weihing, 1963) as an early‐maturing cultivar resistant to crown rust and has dominated the commodity (uncertified) annual ryegrass trade for many years. With the evolution of races of crown rust over time, Gulf has become susceptible to present‐day strains of crown rust.…”

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confidence: 99%

Registration of ‘FL Red’, a Later‐Maturing Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass

Kenworthy

Reith

Prine

et al. 2016

J of Plant Registrations

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‘FL Red’(Reg. No. CV‐281, PI 678572) tetraploid annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a synthetic cultivar selected for later maturity and resistance to annual ryegrass crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata Corda and gray leaf spot caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc. FL Red was synthesized originally in 2004 from equal quantities of ‘Jumbo’, MRF‐31, FL/NEX2002(new1)4XLR, FLX2003(BD)4XLRCT, Beefbuilder III, and BB‐MEX. Eight cycles of recurrent mass selection (2003–2004, 2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2009–2010, and 2010–2011) for crown rust resistance, gray leaf spot resistance, and mid‐late seed maturity were completed at the Forage Research Unit in Gainesville, FL. FL Red dry matter total seasonal yields across the southeastern region of the United States for the 2010–2011, 2011–2012, 2012–2013, and 2013–2014 growing seasons (total of 12 location‐years) were not different from the top‐yielding entry at 8 of the 12 locations. At more southern locations (Gainesville and Marianna, FL, and Calhoun, Plains, and Tifton, GA), FL Red showed high yields in all 4 yr. Maturity ratings taken at Gainesville show that FL Red was among the later‐maturing tetraploid entries evaluated. Changes in maturity date can be both beneficial (in cool or dry spring years where summer perennial grass production is limited) or detrimental (late‐maturing annual ryegrasses may suppress and delay early summer grass production). FL Red had excellent levels of resistance to crown rust and moderate resistance to gray leafspot.

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Registration of Gulf Annual Ryegrass¹ (Other Grasses, Reg. No. 8)

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Inheritance of superoxide dismutase (Sod-1) in a perennial × annual ryegrass cross and its allelic distribution among cultivars

Inheritance of superoxide dismutase (Sod-1) in a perennial × annual ryegrass cross and its allelic distribution among cultivars

Long‐Term Forage and Cow–Calf Relationships for Bermudagrass Overseeded with Arrowleaf Clover or Annual Ryegrass Managed at Different Stocking Rates

Registration of ‘FL Red’, a Later‐Maturing Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass

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Registration of Gulf Annual Ryegrass1 (Other Grasses, Reg. No. 8)

Cited by 18 publications

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Inheritance of superoxide dismutase (Sod-1) in a perennial × annual ryegrass cross and its allelic distribution among cultivars

Inheritance of superoxide dismutase (Sod-1) in a perennial × annual ryegrass cross and its allelic distribution among cultivars

Long‐Term Forage and Cow–Calf Relationships for Bermudagrass Overseeded with Arrowleaf Clover or Annual Ryegrass Managed at Different Stocking Rates

Registration of ‘FL Red’, a Later‐Maturing Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass

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Product

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Registration of Gulf Annual Ryegrass¹ (Other Grasses, Reg. No. 8)