“…Farmers used their own saved unimproved crop varieties (landraces) with poor yield and nutritional quality traits as reported in this study. Moreover, the landraces are susceptible to drought, Striga, pests and diseases, and birds, soil infertility as cited by Andiku et al (2020). More interestingly, both abiotic (drought, soil fertility, lack of agricultural extension services, high costs of production inputs, limited access to markets, unavailability of production inputs, small landholdings) and biotic (bird damage, pests and diseases, Striga) factors were reported by the farmers as the major sorghum production constraints in the study area.…”