Registration of neutrons within 2 milliseconds after EAS impact

Jȩdrzejczak, K.; Karczmarczyk, J.; Kasztelan, Marcin; Petrochenkov, S.; Polański, A.; Swarzyński, J.; Szabelski, J.; Wibig, T.

doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.07.050

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Such delays have been observed with the Tien-Shan neutron monitor for EAS in the PeV energy region. Later this finding has been confirmed by other experiments [10,11,12,13,14] and the existence of the effect is now beyond any doubts. There is, however, no agreement about its origin [14,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Later this finding has been confirmed by other experiments [10,11,12,13,14] and the existence of the effect is now beyond any doubts. There is, however, no agreement about its origin [14,15,16]. Briefly the essence of the effect is the appearence of the numerous neutrons delayed by hundreds of microseconds after the passage of the main shower disk in the vicinity of the EAS core.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The other groups [14,15] argued that the delayed neutrons appeared not in the process of EAS development in air. They attributed the effect mostly to the low energy physics and explained it by neutrons which are produced inside the neutron monitor by numerous nuclear scatterings and disintegrations, caused by hadrons in the EAS core, and which then propagate outside the core region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neutron ‘thunder’ accompanying the extensive air shower

Erlykin¹

2007

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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Simulations show that neutrons are the most abundant component among extensive air shower hadrons. However, multiple neutrons which appear with long delays in neutron monitors nearby the EAS core ( 'neutron thunder' ) are mostly not the neutrons of the shower, but have a secondary origin. The bulk of them is produced by high energy EAS hadrons hitting the monitors. The delays are due to the termalization and diffusion of neutrons in the moderator and reflector of the monitor accompanied by the production of secondary gamma-quanta. This conclusion raises the important problem of the interaction of EAS with the ground, the stuff of the detectors and their environment since they have often hydrogen containing materials like polyethilene in neutron monitors. Such interaction can give an additional contribution to the signal in the EAS detectors. It can be particularly important for the signals from scintillator or water tank detectors at km-long distances from the EAS core where neutrons of the shower become the dominant component after a few µs behind the EAS front.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neutron ‘thunder’ accompanying the extensive air shower

Erlykin¹

2007

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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“…However, the discovery of neutrons delayed by hundreds microseconds in the shower core made by Chubenko A.P. and his group with the Tien-Shan neutron monitor [38,39,40,41,42] seemed to be unexpected and attracted an attention [43,44,45,46,47].…”

Section: Interactions Of Eas With Detectors and An Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by multiplicative processes in the lead of the neutron monitor with the subsequent long diffusion and thermalization of released neutrons in the monitor's moderator and reflector [47,48,49] ( see, however, another view in [50] ). Independently of the interpretation the phenomenon is very spectacular and looks as the neutron 'thunder' which appears with a time delay after the 'lightning' which is the EAS itself [49,51].…”

Section: Interactions Of Eas With Detectors and An Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive air showers and the physics of high energy interactions

Erlykin

2007

Astroparticle Physics

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Extensive Air Showers are still the only source of information on primary cosmic rays and their interactions at energies above PeV. However, this information is hidden inside the multiplicative character of the cascading process. Inspite of the great experimental and theoretical efforts the results of different studies are often ambiguous and even conflicting. These controversies can partly be referred to imperfections of our models of high energy particle interactions.The first part of the paper is concerned with this problem. The author thinks that the present models should be corrected to give slightly deeper penetration of the cascade into the atmosphere. In this respect the modification suggested by the QGSJET-II model seems to be the step in the right direction. The Sibyll 2.1 model provides a similar penetrating properies. However, this modification is not enough and a small additional transfer of the energy from EAS hadrons to the electromagnetic component is needed too. As a possible candidate for such a process the inelastic charge exchange of pions is discussed.In the second part of the paper the author discusses the need to account for the interaction of EAS with the stuff of detectors, their environment and the ground in the light of the 'neutron thunder' phenomenon, discovered recently.

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Hadrons

Grieder¹

2009

Exentsive Air Showers and High Energy Phenomena

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Registration of neutrons within 2 milliseconds after EAS impact

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

The neutron ‘thunder’ accompanying the extensive air shower

The neutron ‘thunder’ accompanying the extensive air shower

Extensive air showers and the physics of high energy interactions

Hadrons

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