Regression of Hodgkin's Disease After Measles

Taqi, Ali; Abdurrahman, M. B.; Yakubu, Ahmadu; Fleming, A. F.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92286-8

Cited by 129 publications

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“…3 In addition, there are reports of remissions of Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphomas following natural infection with measles virus. 4,5 In the 1950s, human trials with several potentially oncolytic viruses were initiated. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Although tumor regression was reported in some cases, these studies generally demonstrated lack of significant antitumor efficacy of this mode of therapy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Replication-selective oncolytic viruses in the treatment of cancer

2004

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In the search for novel strategies, oncolytic virotherapy has recently emerged as a viable approach to specifically kill tumor cells. Unlike conventional gene therapy, it uses replication competent viruses that are able to spread through tumor tissue by virtue of viral replication and concomitant cell lysis. Recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the design of several genetically modified viruses, such as adenovirus and herpes simplex virus that specifically replicate in, and kill tumor cells. On the other hand, viruses with intrinsic oncolytic capacity are also being evaluated for therapeutic purposes. In this review, an overview is given of the general mechanisms and genetic modifications by which these viruses achieve tumor cell-specific replication and antitumor efficacy. However, although generally the oncolytic efficacy of these approaches has been demonstrated in preclinical studies the therapeutic efficacy in clinical trails is still not optimal. Therefore, strategies are evaluated that could further enhance the oncolytic potential of conditionally replicating viruses. In this respect, the use of tumor-selective viruses in conjunction with other standard therapies seems most promising. However, still several hurdles regarding clinical limitations and safety issues should be overcome before this mode of therapy can become of clinical relevance.

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confidence: 99%

Replication-selective oncolytic viruses in the treatment of cancer

2004

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“…These reports described rare but dramatic responses in cancer patients recovering from viral syndromes. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Based on these observations, viruses with low pathogenicity (minimal toxicity to normal tissue) and high oncolytic capacity (toxic to cancer cells) were selected for initial clinical investigation. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Studies in the 1950s with Egypt 101 virus revealed anticancer activity in the form of transient tumor necrosis in patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Oncolytic viral therapies

2004

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Molecular research has vastly advanced our understanding of the mechanism of cancer growth and spread. Targeted approaches utilizing molecular science have yielded provocative results in the treatment of cancer. Oncolytic viruses genetically programmed to replicate within cancer cells and directly induce toxic effect via cell lysis or apoptosis are currently being explored in the clinic. Safety has been confirmed and despite variable efficacy results several dramatic responses have been observed with some oncolytic viruses. This review summarizes results of clinical trials with oncolytic viruses in cancer.

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“…More recent clinical reports have described the regression of leukemia, 22,23 Hodgkin's disease, 24,25 and Burkitt's lymphoma 26 concomitantly with measles infection. One can ascertain from these and similar case reports where remissions coincided with other naturally acquired viral infections, such as hepatitis, glandular fever, and measles, 22-28 the following: (i) under the right circumstances, certain viruses can destroy tumors without causing undue harm to the patient; (ii) virus-mediated tumor regression has most often been seen when the patient is young and has a compromised immune system, i.e., is suffering from leukemia or lymphoma; (iii) virus-induced remissions have generally been short-lived and incomplete.…”

Section: Experiments Of Nature: Tumor Regressions During Naturally Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Oncolytic Viruses: Genesis to Genetic Engineering

2007

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Since the turn of the nineteenth century, when their existence was first recognized, viruses have attracted considerable interest as possible agents of tumor destruction. Early case reports emphasized regression of cancers during naturally acquired virus infections, providing the basis for clinical trials where body fluids containing human or animal viruses were used to transmit infections to cancer patients. Most often the viruses were arrested by the host immune system and failed to impact tumor growth, but sometimes, in immunosuppressed patients, infection persisted and tumors regressed, although morbidity as a result of the infection of normal tissues was unacceptable. With the advent of rodent models and new methods for virus propagation, there were numerous attempts through the 1950s and 1960s to force the evolution of viruses with greater tumor specificity, but success was limited and many researchers abandoned the field. Technology employing reverse genetics later brought about a renewal of interest in virotherapy that allowed the generation of more potent, tumor-specific oncolytics. Here, examination of early oncolytic virotherapy before genetic engineering serves to highlight tremendous advances, yet also hints at ways to penetrate host immune defenses, a significant remaining challenge in modern virotherapy research.

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Regression of Hodgkin's Disease After Measles

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

Replication-selective oncolytic viruses in the treatment of cancer

Replication-selective oncolytic viruses in the treatment of cancer

Oncolytic viral therapies

History of Oncolytic Viruses: Genesis to Genetic Engineering

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